{"id":8483,"date":"2015-12-11T05:22:31","date_gmt":"2015-12-11T05:22:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/esta-en-cuestion-la-calidad-democratica-de-espana\/"},"modified":"2021-04-11T17:24:52","modified_gmt":"2021-04-11T15:24:52","slug":"esta-en-cuestion-la-calidad-democratica-de-espana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/esta-en-cuestion-la-calidad-democratica-de-espana\/","title":{"rendered":"Josep Antoni Rodr\u00edguez S\u00e1ez: \u00abEst\u00e1 en cuesti\u00f3n la calidad democr\u00e1tica de Espa\u00f1a\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

El portavoz de Jueces para la Democracia en Catalunya, Josep Antoni Rodr\u00edguez S\u00e1ez, analiza la decisi\u00f3n del Tribunal Constitucional de anular la declaraci\u00f3n independentista presentada por el Parlamento catal\u00e1n, en un momento en el que la legitimidad de las normas pactadas durante la Transici\u00f3n se encuentra- m\u00e1s que nunca- en entredicho.<\/p>\n

\"alt\"<\/p>\n

La asociaci\u00f3n<\/span> profesional<\/span> Jueces<\/span> para<\/span> la Democracia<\/span> naci\u00f3<\/span> en 1983 con el objetivo<\/span> de defender las<\/span> garant\u00edas<\/span> constitucionales<\/span> y la independencia<\/span> de la Justicia<\/span> en un pa\u00eds<\/span> que<\/span> empezaba<\/span> a reconstruirse<\/span> tras<\/span> cuarenta<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> de dictadura<\/span>. Hoy<\/span>, cuando<\/span> muchos<\/span> se cuestionan<\/span> la solidez<\/span> de esos<\/span> cimientos<\/span> democr\u00e1ticos<\/span> y claman<\/span> por<\/span> una<\/span> profunda<\/span> reforma<\/span>, el portavoz<\/span> de la prestigiosa<\/span> asociaci\u00f3n<\/span> judicialen<\/span> Catalunya<\/span>\u00a0 y Magistrado<\/span> de la Secci\u00f3n<\/span> Sexta<\/span> de la Audiencia<\/span> Provincial de Barcelona, Josep<\/span> Antoni<\/span> Rodr\u00edguez<\/span> S\u00e1ez<\/span>, reflexiona<\/span> acerca<\/span> de la \u00faltima<\/span> pol\u00e9mica<\/span> decisi\u00f3n<\/span> de uno<\/span> de esos<\/span> \u00f3rganos<\/span> creados<\/span> durante<\/span> la Transici\u00f3n<\/span> espa\u00f1ola<\/span>, el Tribunal Constitucional<\/span>, que<\/span> la semana<\/span> pasada<\/span> suspendi\u00f3<\/span> por<\/span> unanimidadla<\/span> declaraci\u00f3n<\/span> independentista<\/span> lanzada<\/span> por<\/span> el flamante<\/span> Parlamento<\/span> catal\u00e1n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

El Tribunal Constitucional<\/span> (TC<\/span>) acept\u00f3<\/span> el recurso<\/span> de inconstitucionalidad<\/span> presentado<\/span> por<\/span> el gobierno<\/span> de Mariano Rajoy<\/span> y en tiempo<\/span> r\u00e9cord<\/span> dict\u00f3<\/span> sentencia<\/span> en contra de la declaraci\u00f3n<\/span> soberanista<\/span>. \u00bfEn qu\u00e9<\/span> radicar\u00eda<\/span> esa<\/span> inconstitucionalidad<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Desde<\/span> un punto<\/span> de vista estrictamente<\/span> jur\u00eddico<\/span>, la decisi\u00f3n<\/span> del Tribunal es<\/span> comprensible<\/span>. El problema<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span> estamos<\/span> antes decisiones<\/span> de car\u00e1cter<\/span> pol\u00edtico<\/span>, porque<\/span> conceptos<\/span> como<\/span> \u201csoberan\u00eda\u201d<\/span> o \u201cnaci\u00f3n\u201d<\/span> extienden<\/span> su<\/span> significado<\/span> mucho<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> all\u00e1<\/span> de lo que<\/span> permite<\/span> el m\u00e9todo<\/span> de an\u00e1lisis<\/span> jur\u00eddico<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Junts<\/span> pel<\/span> S\u00ed<\/span> y la CUP aseguran<\/span> que<\/span> no acatar\u00e1n<\/span> la suspensi\u00f3n<\/span> y, tal<\/span> como<\/span> lo expresa<\/span> su<\/span> declaraci\u00f3n<\/span> independentista<\/span>, el futuro<\/span> Ejecutivo<\/span> catal\u00e1n<\/span> cumplir\u00e1<\/span> \u201cexclusivamente<\/span> las<\/span> normas<\/span> o mandatos<\/span> emanados<\/span> del Parlament<\/em>\u201d<\/span>. \u00bfEs<\/span> eso<\/span> sancionable<\/span>, como<\/span> advierte<\/span> el gobierno<\/span> central, con inhabilitaci\u00f3n<\/span> e incluso<\/span> castigo<\/span> penal de los cargos implicados<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Es<\/span> sancionable<\/span> si<\/span> se incumple<\/span> el contenido<\/span> (mandato<\/span> o prohibici\u00f3n<\/span>) de una<\/span> resoluci\u00f3n<\/span> del Tribunal Constitucional<\/span>, sobre<\/span> todo<\/span> porque<\/span> en octubre<\/span> se reform\u00f3<\/span> la Ley<\/span> Org\u00e1nica<\/span> reguladora<\/span> de dicho<\/span> Tribunal para<\/span> otorgarle<\/span> poderes<\/span> o facultades<\/span>, de car\u00e1cter<\/span> disciplinario<\/span>, incluy\u00e9ndose<\/span> entre<\/span> las<\/span> mismas<\/span> la imposici\u00f3n<\/span> de sanciones<\/span> muy<\/span> graves como<\/span> la propia<\/span> inhabilitaci\u00f3n<\/span> para<\/span> el ejercicio<\/span> de cargos p\u00fablicos<\/span>. Nuestra<\/span> asociaci\u00f3n<\/span> ha sido<\/span> muy<\/span> cr\u00edtica<\/span> con esa<\/span> reforma<\/span> porque<\/span>, con el ejercicio<\/span> de tales facultades<\/span>, se desnaturaliza<\/span> la funci\u00f3n<\/span> del Tribunal en el sistema<\/span> y pone en serio<\/span> riesgo<\/span> su<\/span> posici\u00f3n<\/span> neutral como<\/span> instituci\u00f3n<\/span> b\u00e1sica<\/span> del Estado<\/span> de Derecho<\/span> constitucional<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00bfTiene<\/span> el TC<\/span> legitimidad<\/span> o, como<\/span> manifiesta<\/span> la declaraci\u00f3n<\/span> soberanista<\/span>, la perdi\u00f3<\/span> tras<\/span> su<\/span> sentencia<\/span> en contra del Estatut<\/span> en 2010?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Afirmar<\/span> una<\/span> p\u00e9rdida<\/span> de legitimidad<\/span> es<\/span> claramente<\/span> excesivo<\/span> y falto<\/span> de rigor. Lo que<\/span> s\u00ed<\/span> ha sufrido<\/span>, en general ante la ciudadan\u00eda<\/span> pero<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> en los colectivos<\/span> profesionales<\/span> de aplicaci\u00f3n<\/span> del Derecho<\/span>, es<\/span> una<\/span> p\u00e9rdida<\/span> de prestigio<\/span> y reputaci\u00f3n<\/span>, debido<\/span> a que<\/span> los partidos<\/span> pol\u00edticos<\/span>, durante<\/span> la \u00faltima<\/span> d\u00e9cada<\/span>, han<\/span> decidido<\/span> elegir<\/span> a los magistrados<\/span> en funci\u00f3n<\/span> de su<\/span> afinidad<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> y no de su<\/span> carrera<\/span> como<\/span> juristas<\/span>, cosa<\/span> que<\/span> s\u00ed<\/span> se respet\u00f3<\/span> en los primeros<\/span> 20 a\u00f1os<\/span> de vida<\/span> del Tribunal.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n<\/span> es<\/span> cierto<\/span> que<\/span> ha influido<\/span> mucho<\/span> el episodio<\/span> de recusaci\u00f3n<\/span> de un magistrado<\/span> del Tribunal, instado<\/span> por<\/span> el Partido<\/span> Popular, antes de resolverse<\/span> el recurso<\/span> interpuesto<\/span> contra el Estatuto<\/span> de Autonom\u00eda<\/span>\u00a0 de Catalunya<\/span> de 2010. Esa<\/span> recusaci\u00f3n<\/span>, sin apenas<\/span> justificaci\u00f3n<\/span>, fue<\/span> aceptada<\/span> y decant\u00f3<\/span> la votaci\u00f3n<\/span> final a favor de estimar<\/span> el recurso<\/span>, lastrando<\/span> el Estatuto<\/span> en sus<\/span> elementos<\/span> esenciales<\/span>. Una<\/span> parte<\/span> de la ciudadan\u00eda<\/span> catalana<\/span> lo vivi\u00f3<\/span> como<\/span> una<\/span> humillaci\u00f3n<\/span> colectiva<\/span> y valor\u00f3<\/span> que<\/span> el Tribunal hab\u00eda<\/span> perdido<\/span> el valor derivado<\/span> de su<\/span> imparcialidad<\/span>.<\/p>\n

El anexo<\/span> del texto<\/span> cita<\/span> algunas<\/span> normas<\/span> nacionales<\/span> que<\/span> dejar\u00edan<\/span> de aplicarse<\/span>; y otras<\/span>, catalanas<\/span>, que<\/span>, aunque<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> recurridas<\/span> por<\/span> el Gobierno<\/span> central ante el Constitucional<\/span>, s\u00ed<\/span> se aplicar\u00edan<\/span>. Entre<\/span> estas<\/span>, la conocida<\/span> como<\/span> ley<\/span> de pobreza<\/span> energ\u00e9tica<\/span>, que<\/span> pretende<\/span> garantizar<\/span> el suministro<\/span> de gas, luz<\/span> y agua<\/span> a personas en riesgo<\/span> de exclusi\u00f3n<\/span> social, y reubicar<\/span> a las<\/span> personas que<\/span> sufrieron<\/span> un desalojo<\/span>. \u00bfC\u00f3mo<\/span> se puede<\/span> llevar<\/span> esto<\/span> a cabo<\/span> con las<\/span> compa\u00f1\u00edas<\/span> el\u00e9ctricas<\/span> sujetas<\/span> a la legalidad<\/span> espa\u00f1ola<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ese<\/span> proceso<\/span> de legislar<\/span> y prescindir<\/span> despu\u00e9s<\/span> de los procedimientos<\/span> que<\/span> otorgan<\/span> validez<\/span> y\/o vigencia<\/span> a las<\/span> normas<\/span> ser\u00e1<\/span> muy<\/span> complejo<\/span>. Lo previsible<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span> desde<\/span> el Gobierno<\/span> central se acuda<\/span> sistem\u00e1ticamente<\/span> al TC<\/span> o a los tribunales<\/span> ordinarios<\/span> para<\/span> evitar<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> normas<\/span> emanadas<\/span> del Parlament<\/span> adquieran<\/span> vigencia<\/span>. Las compa\u00f1\u00edas<\/span> el\u00e9ctricas<\/span> o los bancos<\/span> podr\u00e1n<\/span> alegar<\/span> que<\/span> mientras<\/span> una<\/span> norma<\/span> no es<\/span> v\u00e1lida<\/span> formalmente<\/span> o vigente<\/span> no tienen<\/span> por<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> acatarla<\/span> o cumplirla<\/span>. Por<\/span> eso<\/span> un argumento<\/span> importante<\/span> de los empresarios<\/span> catalanes<\/span> contra el proceso<\/span> de secesi\u00f3n<\/span> es<\/span> la etapa<\/span> de inseguridad<\/span> jur\u00eddica<\/span> que<\/span> se abre<\/span>, seg\u00fan<\/span> ellos<\/span> un factor muy<\/span> negativo<\/span> para<\/span> la vida<\/span> econ\u00f3mica<\/span> del pa\u00eds<\/span> y motivo<\/span> de que<\/span> algunos<\/span> amenacen<\/span> con llevar<\/span> la sede<\/span> de las<\/span> empresas<\/span> fuera<\/span> de Catalunya<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Otras<\/span> de las<\/span> medidas<\/span> que<\/span> se postulan<\/span> es<\/span> la dotaci\u00f3n<\/span> inmediata<\/span> de tarjeta<\/span> sanitaria<\/span> a los extranjeros<\/span> residentes<\/span> en Catalunya<\/span> (sin tener<\/span> que<\/span> esperar<\/span> tres<\/span> meses<\/span>, como<\/span> ahora<\/span>) o la insumisi\u00f3n<\/span> a la ley<\/span> educativa<\/span> \u201cWert\u201d<\/span> para<\/span> blindar<\/span> el modelo<\/span> de inmersi\u00f3n<\/span> ling\u00fc\u00edstica<\/span> en catal\u00e1n<\/span> en las<\/span> escuelas<\/span>. \u00bfEs<\/span> leg\u00edtima<\/span> esa<\/span> desobediencia<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

La respuesta<\/span> deber\u00eda<\/span> ser<\/span> negativa<\/span>. Un jurista<\/span> no puede<\/span> defender nunca<\/span> la legitimidad<\/span> de la desobediencia<\/span> de las<\/span> normas<\/span>. Pero<\/span> es<\/span> un tema<\/span> muy<\/span> complejo<\/span> porque<\/span> el axioma<\/span> depende<\/span> del nivel<\/span> democr\u00e1tico<\/span> del Estado<\/span> en el que<\/span> se plantee<\/span> y en este<\/span> proceso<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> en cuesti\u00f3n<\/span> la calidad<\/span> democr\u00e1tica<\/span> de los poderes<\/span> p\u00fablicos<\/span>. \u00bfExiste<\/span> una<\/span> opci\u00f3n<\/span> diferente<\/span> a la desobediencia<\/span>? Habr\u00e1<\/span> que<\/span> ir<\/span> caso<\/span> por<\/span> caso<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00bfSe atrever\u00e1<\/span> el gobierno<\/span> de Rajoy<\/span> a aplicar<\/span> el art\u00edculo155<\/span> de la Constituci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> supondr\u00eda<\/span> la suspensi\u00f3n<\/span> de la autonom\u00eda<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si lo hace<\/span>, la ciudadan\u00eda<\/span> no lo entender\u00eda<\/span> y lo valorar\u00eda<\/span> como<\/span> injustificado<\/span>. Si alguna<\/span> cosa<\/span> quiere<\/span> la mayor\u00eda<\/span> de la poblaci\u00f3n<\/span> en Catalunya<\/span> es<\/span> mayor autogobierno<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span> que<\/span>, si<\/span> les limitan<\/span> el que<\/span> ya<\/span> tienen<\/span>, es<\/span> previsible<\/span> que<\/span> la idea del independentismo<\/span> crezca<\/span> a\u00fan<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span>. Es<\/span> una<\/span> decisi\u00f3n<\/span> pol\u00edticamente<\/span> muy<\/span> arriesgada<\/span>.<\/p>\n

El Tribunal Internacional<\/span> de Justicia<\/span> dice que<\/span> cualquier<\/span> territorio<\/span> puede<\/span> declarar<\/span> la independencia<\/span>. Pero<\/span> si<\/span> Catalunya<\/span> la declarara<\/span> unilateralmente<\/span> \u00bfla conseguir\u00eda<\/span>, o har\u00edan<\/span> falta<\/span> despu\u00e9s<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> requisitos<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Una<\/span> declaraci\u00f3n<\/span> de independencia<\/span>, para<\/span> tener<\/span> legitimidad<\/span> democr\u00e1tica<\/span>, requiere<\/span> de unos<\/span> presupuestos<\/span> b\u00e1sicos<\/span> que<\/span>, en el caso<\/span> de Catalunya<\/span>, no est\u00e1n<\/span> siquiera<\/span> fijados<\/span> con claridad<\/span>. Lo ideal es<\/span> que<\/span> tal<\/span> declaraci\u00f3n<\/span> surgiera<\/span>, exclusivamente<\/span>, del resultado<\/span> de un refer\u00e9ndum<\/span>, perfectamente<\/span> regulado<\/span> y auspiciado<\/span> desde<\/span> el Gobierno<\/span> central.<\/p>\n

\u00bfEspa\u00f1a<\/span> tiene<\/span> derecho<\/span> a vetar<\/span> la independencia<\/span>?<\/p>\n

El Estado<\/span> espa\u00f1ol<\/span>, si<\/span> continua con la misma<\/span> estrategia<\/span> que<\/span> ahora<\/span>, no la vetar\u00e1<\/span>, la ignorar\u00e1<\/span>. Y seguir\u00e1<\/span> llevando<\/span> el conflicto<\/span> a las<\/span> instituciones<\/span>, sobre<\/span> todo<\/span> judicializ\u00e1ndolo<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo<\/span> se ve<\/span> desde<\/span> los Juzgados<\/span> catalanes<\/span> el proceso<\/span> iniciado<\/span> por<\/span> los independentistas<\/span>? \u00bfSe contempla<\/span> la separaci\u00f3n<\/span> de Espa\u00f1a<\/span> como<\/span> una<\/span> v\u00eda<\/span> de saneamiento<\/span> de la Justicia<\/span>?<\/p>\n

Me atrever\u00eda<\/span> a hablar<\/span>, en general, de preocupaci\u00f3n<\/span> por<\/span> c\u00f3mo<\/span> se est\u00e1<\/span> gestionando<\/span> el proceso<\/span> o el conflicto<\/span> (como<\/span> se quiera<\/span>), desde<\/span> una<\/span> perspectiva<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> y por<\/span> parte<\/span> de ambos<\/span> bandos<\/span>, sobre<\/span> todo<\/span> por<\/span> la forma en que<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> utilizando<\/span> las<\/span> instituciones<\/span> en beneficio<\/span> de los intereses<\/span> particulares<\/span> de los partidos<\/span> pol\u00edticos<\/span>. En cuanto<\/span> a la separaci\u00f3n<\/span> como<\/span> v\u00eda<\/span> de saneamiento<\/span> de la Justicia<\/span>, creo<\/span> que<\/span> se tratar\u00eda<\/span> de una<\/span> visi\u00f3n<\/span> claramente<\/span> minoritaria<\/span>, esencialmente<\/span> porque<\/span> la mayor\u00eda<\/span> de los jueces<\/span> ni<\/span> siquiera<\/span> se lo ha planteado<\/span>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El portavoz de Jueces para la Democracia en Catalunya, Josep Antoni Rodr\u00edguez S\u00e1ez, analiza la decisi\u00f3n del Tribunal Constitucional de anular la declaraci\u00f3n independentista presentada por el Parlamento catal\u00e1n, en un momento en el que la legitimidad de las normas pactadas durante la Transici\u00f3n se encuentra- m\u00e1s que nunca- en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualidad","category-catalunya"],"yoast_head":"\nJosep Antoni Rodr\u00edguez S\u00e1ez: "Est\u00e1 en cuesti\u00f3n la calidad democr\u00e1tica de Espa\u00f1a" - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/esta-en-cuestion-la-calidad-democratica-de-espana\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Josep Antoni Rodr\u00edguez S\u00e1ez: "Est\u00e1 en cuesti\u00f3n la calidad democr\u00e1tica de Espa\u00f1a" - 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