{"id":8213,"date":"2015-11-08T21:45:41","date_gmt":"2015-11-08T21:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/de-simone-de-beauvoir-a-la-identidad-espanola\/"},"modified":"2021-04-12T20:53:30","modified_gmt":"2021-04-12T18:53:30","slug":"de-simone-de-beauvoir-a-la-identidad-espanola","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/de-simone-de-beauvoir-a-la-identidad-espanola\/","title":{"rendered":"De Simone de Beauvoir a la identidad espa\u00f1ola"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"alt\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Estos<\/span> d\u00edas<\/span> anda<\/span> revolucionada<\/span> la caverna<\/span> brasile\u00f1a<\/span> a prop\u00f3sito<\/span> de un examen<\/span> para<\/span> estudiantes<\/span> en el que<\/span> se citaba<\/span> la c\u00e9lebre<\/span> frase<\/span> de Simone de Beauvoir<\/span><\/b>: \u201cno se nace<\/span> mujer<\/span>: llega<\/span> una<\/span> a serlo\u201d<\/span>. Esta<\/span> idea, con la que<\/span> se defiende<\/span> la identidad<\/span> femenina<\/span> como<\/span> un proceso<\/span> de construcci\u00f3n<\/span> social ajena<\/span> a determinismos<\/span> biol\u00f3gicos<\/span>, desat\u00f3<\/span> la furibunda<\/span> reacci\u00f3n<\/span> de los sectores<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> casposos<\/span> que<\/span> la vieron<\/span> como<\/span> la confirmaci\u00f3n<\/span> de una<\/span> conspiraci\u00f3n<\/span> marxista-feminista<\/span> para<\/span> inculcar<\/span> en las<\/span> inocentes<\/span> mentes<\/span> de los j\u00f3venes<\/span> las<\/span> perversas<\/span> ideas de la perspectiva<\/span> de g\u00e9nero<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parad\u00f3jicamente<\/span>, estas<\/span> virulentas<\/span> reacciones<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> que<\/span> cuestionar<\/span> acaban<\/span> confirmando<\/span> lo que<\/span> recusan<\/span>. Y es<\/span> que<\/span> del mismo<\/span> modo<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> teor\u00edas<\/span> darwinistas<\/span> se vieron<\/span> reforzadas<\/span> por<\/span> los simiescos<\/span> argumentos<\/span> con que<\/span> algunos<\/span> se rasgaban<\/span> las<\/span> vestiduras<\/span> negando<\/span> venir<\/span> del mono, hoy<\/span> escuchando<\/span> a quienes<\/span> despotrican<\/span> contra la perspectiva<\/span> de g\u00e9nero<\/span>, solo podemos<\/span> admitirlos<\/span> en la categor\u00eda<\/span> de animales<\/span> racionales<\/span> si<\/span> aceptamos<\/span> que<\/span> no se nace<\/span> biol\u00f3gicamente<\/span> \u201chomo sapiens\u201d sino<\/span> que<\/span> se llega<\/span> a serlo<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por<\/span> lo dem\u00e1s<\/span>, la an\u00e9cdota<\/span> vuelve<\/span> a poner<\/span> de relieve la importancia<\/span> que<\/span> el tema<\/span> de las<\/span> identidades<\/span> tiene<\/span> en nuestras<\/span> sociedades<\/span>. Tambi\u00e9n<\/span> las<\/span> controversias<\/span> y pasiones<\/span> que<\/span> despierta<\/span> cada<\/span> vez<\/span> que<\/span> se pone sobre<\/span> la mesa. Y no son pocas<\/span> las<\/span> ocasiones<\/span> para<\/span> ello<\/span>, dado el desesperado<\/span> af\u00e1n<\/span> de las<\/span> personas por<\/span> intentar<\/span> saber qui\u00e9nes<\/span> son, por<\/span> ubicarse<\/span> en un mundo<\/span> que<\/span> lleva<\/span> tiempo<\/span> atrapado<\/span> en lo que<\/span>, parafraseando<\/span> a Eric Hobsbawm<\/span>, podr\u00edamos<\/span> definir<\/span> como<\/span> la Era de los Desconciertos<\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Esa<\/span> b\u00fasqueda<\/span> de identidades<\/span> claras<\/span> tiene<\/span> especial predicamento<\/span> entre<\/span> los sectores<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> conservadores<\/span>, siempre<\/span> interesados<\/span> en identificar<\/span> y fichar<\/span> al personal. Por<\/span> ello<\/span> lo primero<\/span> que<\/span> hicieron<\/span> al crear<\/span> el estado<\/span> moderno<\/span> fue<\/span> instaurar<\/span> el Documento<\/span> Nacional<\/span> de Identidad<\/span> oportunamente<\/span> gestionado<\/span> por<\/span> la polic\u00eda<\/span>. Y lo que<\/span> aplicamos<\/span> a los individuos<\/span>, podemos<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> dedicarlo<\/span> al \u00e1mbito<\/span> social, claro<\/span>.Porque<\/span> si<\/span> fijamos<\/span> claramente<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> significa<\/span> ser<\/span>, pongamos<\/span> por<\/span> caso<\/span>, espa\u00f1ol<\/span> o socio del CD Alcoyano<\/span>, todo<\/span> resulta<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> sencillo<\/span> para<\/span> identificar<\/span> qui\u00e9nes<\/span> somos<\/span> nosotros<\/span><\/i>, qui\u00e9nes<\/span> vosotros<\/span><\/i> o incluso<\/span> quienes<\/span> son ellos<\/span><\/i><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

A veces<\/span> hacer<\/span> esa<\/span> distinci\u00f3n<\/span> no resulta<\/span> tan sencillo<\/span>. Pensemos<\/span> en la pol\u00e9mica<\/span> en torno<\/span> al independentismo<\/span> catal\u00e1n<\/span> que<\/span> ha convertido<\/span> a Mariano Rajoy<\/span>, Albert Rivera<\/b> y Pedro S\u00e1nchez<\/span><\/b> en una<\/span> especia<\/span> de tres<\/span> mosqueteros<\/span> defensores<\/span> de la unidad<\/span> de Espa\u00f1a<\/span> frente<\/span> a las<\/span> p\u00e9rfidas<\/span> conspiraciones<\/span> de un Richelieu<\/span><\/b> catalanista<\/span>. En principio<\/span>, la \u00fanica<\/span> forma de concebir<\/span> de forma realista<\/span> la unidad<\/span><\/i> de Espa\u00f1a<\/span> ser\u00eda<\/span> a partir<\/span> de una<\/span> pluralidad<\/span> de piezas<\/span> reunidas<\/span> por<\/span> la historia<\/span>, que<\/span> es<\/span> tanto<\/span> como<\/span> decir<\/span> que<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> artificialmente<\/span> construida<\/span> por<\/span> los hombres y no siempre<\/span> de forma voluntaria<\/span>. Pero<\/span>, por<\/span> desgracia<\/span>, no es<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Los conservadores<\/span> prefieren<\/span> presentar<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> como<\/span> una<\/span> piedra<\/span>, como<\/span> una<\/span> roca<\/span> firme<\/span> que<\/span> ni<\/span> la erosi\u00f3n<\/span> del viento<\/span> consigue<\/span> alterarla<\/span>. En consecuencia<\/span>, es<\/span> un otro<\/span>,<\/i>extra\u00f1o<\/span> ajeno<\/span>, el que<\/span> amenaza<\/span> con romper lo que<\/span> se presenta<\/span> como<\/span> un todo<\/span> inquebrantable<\/span> e inmutable<\/span>. Franco ya<\/span> defendi\u00f3<\/span> estos<\/span> argumentos<\/span> cuando<\/span> afirm\u00f3<\/span> que<\/span> prefer\u00eda<\/span> una<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> roja<\/span> a una<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> rota. Y en efecto<\/span> consigui\u00f3<\/span> instaurar<\/span> su<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> una<\/span>, grande<\/span> y libre<\/span> a fuerza<\/span> de te\u00f1ir<\/span> de rojo<\/span> el pa\u00eds<\/span> con la sangre<\/span> derramada<\/span> de quienes<\/span> bautiz\u00f3<\/span> como<\/span> la anti-Espa\u00f1a<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoy<\/span>, por<\/span> fortuna<\/span>, estamos<\/span> lejos<\/span> de aquello<\/span>, pero<\/span> sigue<\/span> imperando<\/span> entre<\/span> los conservadores<\/span> \u2013y no solo- la misma<\/span> visi\u00f3n<\/span> monol\u00edtica<\/span> de Espa\u00f1a<\/span>. Por<\/span> eso<\/span>, les gusta<\/span> tanto<\/span> fijar<\/span> por<\/span> escrito<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> debemos<\/span> entender<\/span> por<\/span> identidad<\/span> espa\u00f1ola<\/span>, como<\/span> en esos<\/span> ex\u00e1menes<\/span> que<\/span> tienen<\/span> que<\/span> pasar<\/span> los aspirantes<\/span> a tener<\/span> la nacionalidad<\/span> nacidos<\/span> en otras<\/span> tierras<\/span>. Pruebas<\/span> con las<\/span> que<\/span> se intenta<\/span> impedir<\/span> que<\/span> entre<\/span> alguno<\/span> sin saber qui\u00e9n<\/span> es<\/span> Jesul\u00edne<\/span> instaure<\/span> un Estado<\/span> Isl\u00e1mico<\/span> en Calahorra<\/span>. La derecha<\/span> valenciana<\/span> adoptar\u00eda<\/span> el mismo<\/span> modelo<\/span> al implantar<\/span> una<\/span> ley<\/span> que<\/span> regulara<\/span> en qu\u00e9<\/span> consiste<\/span> nuestra<\/span> idiosincrasia<\/span> y cu\u00e1l<\/span> es<\/span> la receta<\/span> de la aut\u00e9ntica<\/span> paella, al menos<\/span> hasta<\/span> que<\/span> lleg\u00f3<\/span> Rajoy<\/span> y le a\u00f1adi\u00f3<\/span> garbanzos<\/span> provocando<\/span> una<\/span> profunda<\/span> crisis de identidad<\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Saber qui\u00e9n<\/span> somos<\/span> para<\/span> diferenciarnos<\/span> del otro<\/span><\/i>. Lo explic\u00f3<\/span> con maestr\u00eda<\/span> el presidente<\/span> h\u00fangaro<\/span> Viktor Orban<\/span><\/b> cuando<\/span> fue<\/span> jaleado<\/span> en Madrid durante<\/span> la cumbre<\/span> del Partido<\/span> Popular Europeo<\/span> y explic\u00f3<\/span> su<\/span> postura<\/span> frente<\/span> al drama de los refugiados<\/span>. Por<\/span> suerte<\/span> , identificar<\/span> al otro<\/span><\/i> es<\/span> mucho<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> f\u00e1cil<\/span>. Porque<\/span> si<\/span> es<\/span> cierto<\/span> que<\/span> no sabemos<\/span> muy<\/span> bien<\/span> qui\u00e9nes<\/span> son, al menos<\/span> podemos<\/span> saber lo que<\/span> no es<\/span>, como<\/span> cristianamente<\/span> nos advirti\u00f3<\/span> el cardenal<\/span> Ca\u00f1izares<\/span>: el otro<\/span><\/i> no es<\/span> trigo<\/span> limpio<\/span><\/b>. Y eso<\/span> se puede<\/span> aplicar<\/span> a cualquier<\/span> otro<\/span> <\/i>que<\/span> se estime<\/span> oportuno<\/span>: un ni\u00f1o<\/span> sirio<\/span> empujado<\/span> por<\/span> las<\/span> olas<\/span>, un incendiario<\/span> independentista<\/span> del Ampurd\u00e0<\/span> o la musical presencia<\/span> de Raimon<\/span><\/b> en X\u00e0tiva<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Este<\/span> reduccionismo<\/span> monol\u00edtico<\/span> tampoco<\/span> falta<\/span>, por<\/span> supuesto<\/span>, entre<\/span> los defensores<\/span> a ultranza<\/span> de otras<\/span> pretendidas<\/span> identidades<\/span> eternas<\/span>, aunque<\/span> para<\/span> ellos<\/span> ese<\/span> otro<\/span><\/i> sea, por<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>, el espa\u00f1ol<\/span>. Por<\/span> eso<\/span>, para<\/span> evitar<\/span> dramatismos<\/span> innecesarios<\/span> en la vida<\/span> personal, pol\u00edtica<\/span> y social, no estar\u00eda<\/span> mal aplicarnos<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> a menudo<\/span> las<\/span> reflexiones<\/span> que<\/span> pensadoras<\/span> como<\/span> Simone de Beauvoir<\/span> o Judith Butler <\/b>han<\/span> hecho<\/span> sobre<\/span> la identidad<\/span>. Y recordar<\/span> que<\/span>, al fin y al cabo<\/span>, antes de que<\/span> nadie<\/span> hablara<\/span> de las teor\u00edas<\/i><\/span> Queer<\/i>, Cervantes<\/b> y su<\/span> Quijote<\/span><\/b> ya<\/span> nos dijeron<\/span> que<\/span> saber qui\u00e9n<\/span> es<\/span> uno<\/span> mismo<\/span> es<\/span> tanto<\/span> como<\/span> saber que<\/span> se puede<\/span> ser<\/span> lo que<\/span> uno<\/span> quiera<\/span>. Hasta<\/span> \u201clos Doce<\/span> Pares de Francia<\/span>, y aun<\/span> todos<\/span> los nueve<\/span> de la Fama\u2026\u201d<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Estos d\u00edas anda revolucionada la caverna brasile\u00f1a a prop\u00f3sito de un examen para estudiantes en el que se citaba la c\u00e9lebre frase de Simone de Beauvoir: \u201cno se nace mujer: llega una a serlo\u201d. Esta idea, con la que se defiende la identidad femenina como un proceso de construcci\u00f3n social […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinion"],"yoast_head":"\nDe Simone de Beauvoir a la identidad espa\u00f1ola - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/de-simone-de-beauvoir-a-la-identidad-espanola\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De Simone de Beauvoir a la identidad espa\u00f1ola - Revista Rambla\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Estos d\u00edas anda revolucionada la caverna brasile\u00f1a a prop\u00f3sito de un examen para estudiantes en el que se citaba la c\u00e9lebre frase de Simone de Beauvoir: \u201cno se nace mujer: llega una a serlo\u201d. 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