{"id":6119,"date":"2014-10-13T03:46:37","date_gmt":"2014-10-13T03:46:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\/"},"modified":"2014-10-13T03:46:37","modified_gmt":"2014-10-13T03:46:37","slug":"la-conjura-de-los-vampiros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\/","title":{"rendered":"La conjura de los vampiros"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\"alt\"Altermundistas<\/span> de distintos<\/span> pa\u00edses<\/span> se re\u00fanen<\/span> en la Ciudad<\/span> Condal<\/span>, convocados<\/span> a una<\/span> jornada<\/span> contra el TTIP<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\tEl s\u00e1bado<\/span> 11 de octubre<\/span>, Barcelona acogi\u00f3<\/span> una<\/span> jornada<\/span> internacional<\/span> de debate contra el Tratado<\/span> de Libre<\/span> Comercio<\/span> entre<\/span> Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span> y la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span> (en ingl\u00e9s<\/span>: Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership<\/em>, TTIP<\/span>). La reuni\u00f3n<\/span>, que<\/span> cont\u00f3<\/span> con la presencia<\/span> estelar<\/span> de la activista<\/span> estadounidense<\/span> Susan George, mundialmente<\/span> famosa<\/span> por<\/span> sus<\/span> ensayos<\/span> El informe<\/span> Lugano<\/span><\/em> (1999) y El informe<\/span> Lugano<\/span> 2<\/em> (2012), que<\/span> denuncian<\/span> el proceso<\/span> de socavamiento<\/span> de la democracia<\/span> impelido<\/span> por<\/span> las<\/span> \u00e9lites<\/span> econ\u00f3micas<\/span> mundiales<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tLas jornadas<\/span> barcelonesas<\/span>, convocadas<\/span> bajo<\/span> el t\u00edtulo<\/span> Soberan\u00eda<\/span> secuestrada<\/span>, derechos<\/span> en peligro<\/span><\/em>, tuvieron<\/span> lugar<\/span> en el marco<\/span> del D\u00eda<\/span> Europeo<\/span> contra el TIPP<\/span> (11 de octubre<\/span>), celebrado<\/span> en m\u00e1s<\/span> de 300 ciudades<\/span> del continente<\/span>. Hicieron<\/span> acto<\/span> de presencia<\/span> ponentes<\/span> de Espa\u00f1a<\/span>, M\u00e9xico<\/span>, Per\u00fa<\/span>, Alemania<\/span> y Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tPropaganda oficial<\/span> y geoestrategia<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tSeg\u00fan<\/span> el presidente<\/span> Obama, el TTIP<\/span> es<\/span> un potencial<\/span> dechado<\/span> de virtudes<\/span> que<\/span> escanciar\u00e1<\/span> prosperidad<\/span> a los dos lados<\/span> del Atl\u00e1ntico<\/span>: las<\/span> exportaciones<\/span> estadounidenses<\/span> –se espera–<\/span> crecer\u00e1n<\/span> por<\/span> valor de decenas<\/span> de miles de millones<\/span> de d\u00f3lares<\/span>, y cientos<\/span> de miles de puestos<\/span> de trabajo<\/span> se crear\u00e1n<\/span> en Norteam\u00e9rica<\/span> y Europa<\/span>. De materializarse<\/span> el tratado<\/span>, los pa\u00edses<\/span> concernidos<\/span> en el TTIP<\/span> sumar\u00edan<\/span> casi<\/span> la mitad<\/span> del PIB<\/span> mundial<\/span> y un tercio<\/span> del total de las<\/span> transacciones<\/span> comerciales<\/span>, as\u00ed<\/span> como<\/span> 800 millones<\/span> de ciudadanos-consumidores<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tDistintos<\/span> estudios<\/span> de organizaciones<\/span> privadas<\/span> –entre<\/span> ellas<\/span>, la Fundaci\u00f3n<\/span> Bertelsmann–<\/span> pronostican<\/span> un notorio<\/span> incremento<\/span> del PIB<\/span> de los pa\u00edses<\/span> de la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> gracias<\/span> al TIPP<\/span>; para<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span>, rondar\u00eda<\/span> el seis<\/span> por<\/span> ciento<\/span>. La econom\u00eda<\/span> del Reino<\/span> Unido<\/span>, de lejos<\/span> la m\u00e1s<\/span> beneficiada<\/span>, podr\u00eda<\/span> aumentar<\/span> hasta<\/span> un 10 %, seg\u00fan<\/span> las<\/span> mismas<\/span> fuentes<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tEl precedente<\/span> inmediato<\/span> de este<\/span> bloque<\/span> transatl\u00e1ntico<\/span> es<\/span> el Tratado<\/span> Internacional<\/span> Transpac\u00edfico<\/span> (TTP<\/span>), tambi\u00e9n<\/span> en fase<\/span> de negociaci\u00f3n<\/span> aunque<\/span> ya<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> avanzado<\/span>, que<\/span> reunir\u00e1<\/span> a Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span>, M\u00e9xico<\/span>, Per\u00fa<\/span>, Chile, Jap\u00f3n<\/span> y Vietnam, entre<\/span> otros<\/span> pa\u00edses<\/span>, y cuyo<\/span> volumen<\/span> de intercambios<\/span> podr\u00eda<\/span> significar<\/span> un tercio<\/span> de las<\/span> transacciones<\/span> mercantiles<\/span> mundiales<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tA efectos<\/span> geoestrat\u00e9gicos<\/span>, cabe<\/span> considerar<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> dos \u00e1reas<\/span> supranacionales<\/span> propuestas<\/span> representar\u00e1n<\/span> un sustancial<\/span> contrapeso<\/span> al gigante<\/span> en ciernes<\/span> del siglo<\/span> XXI<\/span>, China, que<\/span> dentro<\/span> de dos d\u00e9cadas<\/span> estar\u00e1<\/span> a la cabeza<\/span> de la econom\u00eda<\/span> mundial<\/span>, pero<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> ser\u00e1<\/span> el principal inversor<\/span> en tecnolog\u00eda<\/span>, y en menos<\/span> de cincuenta<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> –calculan<\/span> los analistas–<\/span> dispondr\u00e1<\/span> de un ej\u00e9rcito<\/span> t\u00e9cnicamente<\/span> equiparable<\/span> a las<\/span> fuerzas<\/span> armadas estadounidenses<\/span>, adem\u00e1s<\/span> del presupuesto<\/span> militar<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> elevado<\/span> del mundo<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tEuropa<\/span>, entre<\/span> la reivindicaci\u00f3n<\/span> y la transigencia<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tSe supone<\/span> que<\/span> el TTIP<\/span> crear\u00eda<\/span> un inmenso<\/span> marco<\/span> supranacional<\/span> sin aranceles<\/span>, situaci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> podr\u00eda<\/span> favorecer<\/span> los mutuos<\/span> intercambios<\/span>; un prop\u00f3sito<\/span> te\u00f3ricamente<\/span> plausible, si<\/span> no fuera<\/span> por<\/span> la letra<\/span> peque\u00f1a<\/span> que<\/span> –se teme–<\/span> podr\u00eda<\/span> incluir<\/span> el acuerdo<\/span>, referente<\/span> a la rebaja<\/span> o supresi\u00f3n<\/span> de normativas<\/span> y leyes<\/span> europeas<\/span> sobre<\/span> derechos<\/span> laborales<\/span>, consumo<\/span> y medio<\/span> ambiente<\/span> que<\/span> no est\u00e1n<\/span> vigentes<\/span> en Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span>. Es<\/span> decir<\/span>: si<\/span> las<\/span> leyes<\/span> comunitarias<\/span> europeas<\/span> fueran<\/span> –y de hecho<\/span> lo son– m\u00e1s<\/span> escrupulosas<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> norteamericanas<\/span> en determinados<\/span> aspectos<\/span> productivos<\/span> y sociales<\/span>, se tender\u00eda<\/span> a eliminar<\/span> las<\/span> primeras<\/span> para<\/span> no causar<\/span> perjuicio<\/span> a los productores<\/span> estadounidenses<\/span>, so pretexto<\/span> de salvaguardar<\/span> la libre<\/span> competencia<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tLa posibilidad<\/span> de estos<\/span> recortes<\/span> legales<\/span> ya<\/span> suscit\u00f3<\/span> la preocupaci\u00f3n<\/span> del Parlamento<\/span> Europeo<\/span>, plasmada<\/span> en su<\/span> resoluci\u00f3n<\/span> 2558 del 23 de mayo de 2013, por<\/span> la cual<\/span> se exig\u00eda<\/span> la exclusi\u00f3n<\/span> del TIPP<\/span> del sector audiovisual, el respeto<\/span> a las<\/span> normativas<\/span> europeas<\/span> de derechos<\/span> humanos<\/span>, laboral<\/span> y medioambiental<\/span> –incluido<\/span> el control de los transg\u00e9nicos–<\/span> y la inclusi\u00f3n<\/span> de los servicios<\/span> financieros<\/span> (Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span> quiere<\/span> dejarlos<\/span> fuera<\/span> del tratado<\/span>).<\/p>\n

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\tPosteriormente<\/span> (septiembre<\/span> de 2014), la Comisi\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span> se manifest\u00f3<\/span> partidaria<\/span> de eliminar<\/span> de la letra<\/span> del tratado<\/span> el mecanismo<\/span> de soluci\u00f3n<\/span> de diferencias<\/span> entre<\/span> inversores<\/span> y estados<\/span> (en su<\/span> sigla<\/span> inglesa<\/span>, ISDS<\/span>), pol\u00e9mica<\/span> propuesta<\/span> estadounidense<\/span> que<\/span> consiste<\/span> en dar<\/span> a las<\/span> empresas<\/span> multinacionales<\/span> y fondos<\/span> de inversi\u00f3n<\/span> –se calcula<\/span> que<\/span> en n\u00famero<\/span> de 70.000 entidades–<\/span> la posibilidad<\/span> de demandar<\/span> a los gobiernos<\/span> por<\/span> la p\u00e9rdida<\/span> de beneficios<\/span> derivada<\/span> de modificaciones<\/span> legales<\/span>. Apenas<\/span> veinticuatro<\/span> horas<\/span> despu\u00e9s<\/span> de tal<\/span> declaraci\u00f3n<\/span>, la comisaria<\/span> europea<\/span> de Comercio<\/span>, Cecilia Malmstr\u00f6m<\/span>, no tuvo<\/span> reparo<\/span> en retractarse<\/span> de ella<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tUn llamado<\/span> a la conciencia<\/span> global desde<\/span> Barcelona<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tLas jornadas<\/span> contra el TTIP<\/span> de Barcelona fueron<\/span> presentadas<\/span> por<\/span> la urbanista<\/span> Silvia Gr\u00fcnig<\/span>. Junto<\/span> a ella<\/span>, \u00c1lex<\/span> Guillamon<\/span> –coordinador<\/span> de la ONG<\/span> Entrepueblos–<\/span> y Carmen M\u00farias<\/span> –miembro<\/span> de la plataforma<\/span> feminista<\/span> Marcha<\/span> Mundial<\/span> de las<\/span> Mujeres– ejercieron<\/span> como<\/span> moderadores<\/span> de las<\/span> mesas redondas<\/span> posteriores<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tLas distintas<\/span> intervenciones<\/span> inaugurales<\/span> del tr\u00edo<\/span> coincidieron<\/span> en la importancia<\/span> del TTIP<\/span> sobre<\/span> la vida<\/span> cotidiana<\/span> de todos<\/span> los ciudadanos<\/span> de la UE<\/span>. Hasta<\/span> el punto<\/span> de que<\/span> las<\/span> pretensiones<\/span> soberanistas<\/span> de Catalu\u00f1a<\/span>, un pa\u00eds<\/span> que<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> reclamando<\/span> su<\/span> derecho<\/span> a la autodeterminaci\u00f3n<\/span>, quedar\u00edan<\/span> frustradas<\/span> o altamente<\/span> laminadas<\/span> incluso<\/span> en un hipot\u00e9tico<\/span> horizonte<\/span> de independencia<\/span>, si<\/span> el nuevo<\/span> Estado<\/span> permaneciera<\/span> dentro<\/span> de la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> –como<\/span> desea<\/span> la mayor\u00eda<\/span> de sus<\/span> ciudadanos–<\/span> y hubiera<\/span> de aceptar<\/span> los t\u00e9rminos<\/span> del TTIP<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tSusan George contra Dr\u00e1cula<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tInaugur\u00f3<\/span> la serie<\/span> de intervenciones<\/span> la fil\u00f3sofa<\/span> y polit\u00f3loga<\/span> estadounidense<\/span> Susan George,<\/em> de ochenta<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> de edad<\/span>, quien<\/span> lleg\u00f3<\/span> a Barcelona con un fuerte<\/span> resfriado<\/span> que<\/span> a punto<\/span> estuvo<\/span> de retirarla<\/span> del cartel. A la postre<\/span> cumpli\u00f3<\/span> con prensa<\/span> y p\u00fablico<\/span>, consciente<\/span> seguramente<\/span> del simbolismo<\/span> que<\/span> su<\/span> figura<\/span> p\u00fablica<\/span> entra\u00f1a<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tGeorge compar\u00f3<\/span> los h\u00e1bitos<\/span> de los vampiros<\/span>, monstruos<\/span> que<\/span> se amparan<\/span> en la oscuridad<\/span> de la noche<\/span>, a la opacidad<\/span> con que<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> actuando<\/span> los negociadores<\/span> del TTIP<\/span>. (Cabr\u00eda<\/span> a\u00f1adir<\/span> a las<\/span> palabras<\/span> de George: prueba<\/span> de ello<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span> los pormenores<\/span> del tratado<\/span> no fueron<\/span> asunto<\/span> de discusi\u00f3n<\/span> en la \u00faltima<\/span> campa\u00f1a<\/span> de las<\/span> elecciones<\/span> al Parlamento<\/span> Europeo<\/span>, a pesar<\/span> de tratarse<\/span> de una<\/span> cuesti\u00f3n<\/span> econ\u00f3mica<\/span> crucial para<\/span> la UE<\/span> y estar<\/span> fijado<\/span> su<\/span> plazo<\/span> de conclusi\u00f3n<\/span> para<\/span> 2015.)<\/p>\n

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\tLa escritora<\/span> estadounidense<\/span> achac\u00f3<\/span> la inspiraci\u00f3n<\/span> intelectual<\/span> del TTIP<\/span> a la C\u00e1mara<\/span> de Comercio<\/span> de los Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span> y la Organizaci\u00f3n<\/span> Mundial<\/span> del Comercio<\/span> (OMC<\/span>), y el protagonismo<\/span> absoluto<\/span> de sus<\/span> negociaciones<\/span> a las<\/span> presiones<\/span> de las<\/span> grandes<\/span> compa\u00f1\u00edas<\/span> transnacionales<\/span> de ambos<\/span> lados<\/span> del Atl\u00e1ntico<\/span>, autoras<\/span> de la letra<\/span> del pacto<\/span>. Como excusa<\/span>, el acuerdo<\/span> pretende<\/span> eliminar<\/span> unos<\/span> aranceles<\/span> que<\/span> de por<\/span> s\u00ed<\/span> ya<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> en valores<\/span> muy<\/span> bajos<\/span> (entre<\/span> el dos y el tres<\/span> por<\/span> ciento<\/span>), pero<\/span> su<\/span> meta real estriba<\/span> en la negociaci\u00f3n<\/span> de cl\u00e1usulas<\/span> de inversiones<\/span> y en el cambio<\/span> de las<\/span> normativas<\/span> europeas<\/span>, a las<\/span> que<\/span> se acusa<\/span> de observar<\/span> un “principio<\/span> de precauci\u00f3n”<\/span> excesivo<\/span> en la protecci\u00f3n<\/span> de los derechos<\/span> de los productores<\/span> y los consumidores<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tEl gran<\/span> problema<\/span> de fondo<\/span>, asegur\u00f3<\/span> George, es<\/span> que<\/span> la soberan\u00eda<\/span> de los estados<\/span> y las<\/span> bases del propio<\/span> sistema<\/span> democr\u00e1tico<\/span> pueden<\/span> verse amenazados<\/span> por<\/span> las<\/span> prerrogativas<\/span> concedidas<\/span> a los poderes<\/span> econ\u00f3micos<\/span> transnacionales<\/span>, que<\/span> pretenden<\/span> suplantar<\/span> la capacidad<\/span> legislativa<\/span> de los representantes<\/span> democr\u00e1ticos<\/span> de los ciudadanos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tCuando<\/span> la veteran\u00eda<\/span> se inclina<\/span> hacia<\/span> el pesimismo<\/span>, vale la pena<\/span> reflexionar<\/span> en profundidad<\/span> sobre<\/span> los riesgos<\/span> que<\/span> entra\u00f1a<\/span> la situaci\u00f3n<\/span> denunciada<\/span>. A juicio<\/span> de George, “tenemos<\/span> la zorra<\/span> al cuidado<\/span> del gallinero<\/span>, y al lobo pastoreando<\/span> las<\/span> ovejas”<\/span>. Evidentemente<\/span>, el ganado<\/span><\/em> carece<\/span> de las<\/span> garras<\/span> de las<\/span> alima\u00f1as<\/span>, pero<\/span> posee<\/span> la fuerza<\/span> de la informaci\u00f3n<\/span> y las<\/span> “sinergias<\/span> del activismo<\/span> europeo”<\/span>, muy<\/span> potentes<\/span> en la actualidad<\/span>. “Hay que<\/span> hacer<\/span> que<\/span> este<\/span> Dr\u00e1cula<\/span> salga<\/span> a la luz<\/span> del d\u00eda<\/span> ante tanta<\/span> gente<\/span> como<\/span> podamos”<\/span>, sentenci\u00f3<\/span> finalmente<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\t\"alt\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tReivindicaci\u00f3n<\/span> feminista<\/span> e indigenista<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tLa economista<\/span> peruana<\/span> Rosa Guill\u00e9n<\/span>, miembro<\/span> de la Marcha<\/span> Mundial<\/span> de las<\/span> Mujeres, transit\u00f3<\/span> en su<\/span> primera<\/span> intervenci\u00f3n<\/span> por<\/span> caminos<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> te\u00f3ricos<\/span> que<\/span> los dem\u00e1s<\/span> ponentes<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tSeg\u00fan<\/span> Guill\u00e9n<\/span>, el capitalismo<\/span> es<\/span> en s\u00ed<\/span> mismo<\/span> contradictorio<\/span> con la sostenibilidad<\/span> y los derechos<\/span> de la mujer<\/span>. Las f\u00e9minas<\/span>, prosigui\u00f3<\/span>, permanecen<\/span> confinadas<\/span> en el \u00e1mbito<\/span> dom\u00e9stico<\/span> y de cuidados<\/span>, y el capitalismo<\/span> no valora<\/span> estas<\/span> labores<\/span> porque<\/span> no crean<\/span> riqueza<\/span> acumulable<\/span>. Sin embargo, son trabajos<\/span> de importancia<\/span> b\u00e1sica<\/span> para<\/span> la comunidad<\/span>. (En este<\/span> aspecto<\/span>, no contempl\u00f3<\/span> la ponente<\/span> una<\/span> realidad<\/span> hist\u00f3rica<\/span>: el capitalismo<\/span> fue<\/span> el primer sistema<\/span> econ\u00f3mico<\/span> que<\/span> normaliz\u00f3<\/span> la presencia<\/span> de la mujer<\/span> –y de los ni\u00f1os–<\/span> en el mercado<\/span> laboral<\/span>, y no necesariamente<\/span> relegada<\/span> al servicio<\/span> dom\u00e9stico<\/span> y asistencial<\/span>. Por<\/span> supuesto<\/span>, en condiciones<\/span> discriminatorias<\/span> con respecto<\/span> al var\u00f3n<\/span>.)<\/p>\n

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\tFrente<\/span> a la organizaci\u00f3n<\/span> capitalista<\/span> del trabajo<\/span>, Guill\u00e9n<\/span> propuso<\/span> la recuperaci\u00f3n<\/span> de ciertos<\/span> rasgos<\/span> econ\u00f3micos<\/span> de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas<\/span>, como<\/span> los amplios<\/span> \u00e1mbitos<\/span> de trueque<\/span> de trabajo<\/span> y bienes<\/span>, el respeto<\/span> por<\/span> la naturaleza<\/span> y la distribuci\u00f3n<\/span> equitativa<\/span> entre<\/span> los dos sexos<\/span> del trabajo<\/span> dom\u00e9stico<\/span> y de cuidados<\/span>, manteniendo<\/span> siempre<\/span> esta<\/span> ocupaci\u00f3n<\/span> fuera<\/span> del mercado<\/span> laboral<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tBalance del tratado<\/span> peruano-estadounidense<\/span>: la competencia<\/span> desleal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tEn cuanto<\/span> a los problemas<\/span> concretos<\/span> que<\/span> hab\u00eda<\/span> generado<\/span> en su<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span>, Per\u00fa<\/span>, el acuerdo<\/span> bilateral de libre<\/span> comercio<\/span> con los Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span> (vigente<\/span> desde<\/span> febrero<\/span> de 2009), Guill\u00e9n<\/span> denunci\u00f3<\/span> distintas<\/span> consecuencias<\/span> del mismo<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tPor<\/span> una<\/span> parte<\/span>, la eliminaci\u00f3n<\/span> de la franja<\/span> de precios<\/span> de los productos<\/span> agr\u00edcolas<\/span> dej\u00f3<\/span> a los agricultores<\/span> y ganaderos<\/span> peruanos<\/span> en situaci\u00f3n<\/span> de desventaja<\/span> frente<\/span> a las<\/span> importaciones<\/span> de los productos<\/span> agropecuarios<\/span> estadounidenses<\/span>, fuertemente<\/span> subsidiados<\/span> en origen<\/span>. Es<\/span> decir<\/span>, que<\/span> el sector primario<\/span> local sufre<\/span> competencia<\/span> desleal<\/span> por<\/span> parte<\/span> del socio econ\u00f3mico<\/span>, y con la complicidad<\/span> de las<\/span> autoridades<\/span> peruanas<\/span>. Las cuales<\/span>, para<\/span> paliar<\/span> este<\/span> problema<\/span>, ofrecen<\/span> compensaciones<\/span> econ\u00f3micas<\/span> claramente<\/span> insuficientes<\/span>, tanto<\/span> por<\/span> su<\/span> escasa<\/span> cuant\u00eda<\/span> como<\/span> por<\/span> el reducido<\/span> n\u00famero<\/span> de productos<\/span> favorecidos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tCon la firma del tratado<\/span>, Per\u00fa<\/span> se comprometi\u00f3<\/span> a anular<\/span> cualquier<\/span> restricci\u00f3n<\/span> a las<\/span> importaciones<\/span> de carne vacuna<\/span> y aviar<\/span> estadounidense<\/span>, sin reservarse<\/span> la posibilidad<\/span> de someterlas<\/span> a consideraciones<\/span> sanitarias<\/span>. (A este<\/span> respecto<\/span>, distintas<\/span> fuentes<\/span> han<\/span> indicado<\/span> que<\/span> se dieron<\/span> casos<\/span> de compra<\/span> de carne de res durante<\/span> la epidemia<\/span> de las<\/span> “vacas<\/span> locas”<\/span>.)<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEl tratado<\/span> peruano-estadounidense<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> permite<\/span> la comercializaci\u00f3n<\/span> bajo<\/span> patente<\/span> de remedios<\/span> medicinales<\/span> originarios<\/span> de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas<\/span>, apartando<\/span> a estos<\/span> colectivos<\/span> de los beneficios<\/span> comerciales<\/span> del saber tradicional<\/span> que<\/span> ellos<\/span> mismas<\/span> han<\/span> generado<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tGracias a la transigencia<\/span> de los negociadores<\/span> peruanos<\/span>, que<\/span> admitieron<\/span> cl\u00e1usulas<\/span> muy<\/span> superiores<\/span> a las<\/span> exigidas<\/span> en el \u00e1mbito<\/span> de la OMC<\/span>, se eliminaron<\/span> igualmente<\/span> todas<\/span> las<\/span> restricciones<\/span> num\u00e9ricas<\/span> y la prohibici\u00f3n<\/span> de exigir<\/span> presencia<\/span> local a las<\/span> inversiones<\/span> en servicios<\/span>. Esta<\/span> permisividad<\/span> ha propiciado<\/span> la penetraci\u00f3n<\/span> sin control del capital estadounidense<\/span> en los servicios<\/span> financieros<\/span>, las<\/span> telecomunicaciones<\/span> y las<\/span> fuentes<\/span> de energ\u00eda<\/span>, entre<\/span> otros<\/span> sectores<\/span> econ\u00f3micos<\/span> de importancia<\/span> estrat\u00e9gica<\/span>, con evidente<\/span> p\u00e9rdida<\/span> de soberan\u00eda<\/span> para<\/span> la naci\u00f3n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEsta<\/span> situaci\u00f3n<\/span> ha venido<\/span> acompa\u00f1ada<\/span> de una<\/span> p\u00e9rdida<\/span> del incentivo<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span> a la industria<\/span> local mediante<\/span> las<\/span> compras<\/span> estatales<\/span>, acompa\u00f1ada<\/span> de la adquisici\u00f3n<\/span> masiva<\/span> de bienes<\/span> estadounidenses<\/span> por<\/span> parte<\/span> de los poderes<\/span> p\u00fablicos<\/span>; bienes<\/span> que<\/span> en muchos<\/span> casos<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> concurren<\/span> en competencia<\/span> desleal<\/span> para<\/span> el mediano<\/span> y peque\u00f1o<\/span> empresario<\/span> peruano<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa experiencia<\/span> mexicana<\/span> del libre<\/span> comercio<\/span>: m\u00e1s<\/span> dependencia<\/span>, m\u00e1s<\/span> pobreza<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t“No vivimos<\/span> una<\/span> crisis del capitalismo<\/span>, sino<\/span> una<\/span> crisis civilizatoria<\/span> en la que<\/span> no tienen<\/span> valor ni<\/span> las<\/span> personas ni<\/span> el trabajo<\/span> ni<\/span> la naturaleza<\/span>, solo la especulaci\u00f3n”<\/span>, sostuvo<\/span> Rosa Guill\u00e9n<\/span>, y la idea fue<\/span> recogida<\/span> por<\/span> otro<\/span> de los ponentes<\/span>, el abogado<\/span> mexicano<\/span> Francisco L\u00f3pez<\/span> B\u00e1rcenas<\/span>, quien<\/span> coincidi\u00f3<\/span> en que<\/span> los pueblos ind\u00edgenas<\/span> ofrec\u00edan<\/span> ejemplos<\/span> de organizaci\u00f3n<\/span> alternativos<\/span> a la mercantilizaci\u00f3n<\/span> de las<\/span> personas.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tL\u00f3pez<\/span> B\u00e1rcenas<\/span> ilustr\u00f3<\/span> su<\/span> tesis<\/span> con los efectos<\/span> devastadores<\/span> del Tratado<\/span> de Libre<\/span> Comercio<\/span> de Am\u00e9rica<\/span> del Norte (TLCAN<\/span>; en su<\/span> sigla<\/span> inglesa<\/span>, NAFTA), como<\/span> advertencia<\/span> de las<\/span> consecuencias<\/span> que<\/span> el TTIP<\/span> puede<\/span> reportar<\/span> a la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span>. En s\u00edntesis<\/span>, achac\u00f3<\/span> al gran<\/span> espacio<\/span> econ\u00f3mico<\/span> norteamericano<\/span> –en vigor desde<\/span> enero<\/span> de 1993– el retroceso<\/span> general de la soberan\u00eda<\/span> nacional<\/span> mexicana<\/span> sobre<\/span> los recursos<\/span> del pa\u00eds<\/span>. Valgan<\/span> los siguientes<\/span> ejemplos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLas leyes<\/span> adecuadas<\/span> a las<\/span> exigencias<\/span> del TLCAN<\/span> han<\/span> permitido<\/span> que<\/span> gran<\/span> parte<\/span> de la tierra<\/span> cultivable pase<\/span> a manos<\/span> de corporaciones<\/span> transnacionales<\/span>, que<\/span> trabajan<\/span> para<\/span> satisfacer<\/span> las<\/span> necesidades<\/span> del mercado<\/span> estadounidense<\/span>. (L\u00f3pez<\/span> B\u00e1rcenas<\/span> no lo cit\u00f3<\/span>, pero<\/span> concuerda<\/span> con su<\/span> argumento<\/span> la crisis alimentaria<\/span> de principios<\/span> de 2007, cuando<\/span> la exportaci\u00f3n<\/span> de trigo<\/span> para<\/span> biocombustibles<\/span> alz\u00f3<\/span> bruscamente<\/span> el precio<\/span> de la tortilla, alimento<\/span> b\u00e1sico<\/span> de la mayor\u00eda<\/span> de los mexicanos<\/span>.)<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa miner\u00eda<\/span> es<\/span> otro<\/span> caso<\/span> sangrante<\/span>: las<\/span> compa\u00f1\u00edas<\/span> mineras<\/span> estadounidenses<\/span> y canadienses<\/span> han<\/span> extra\u00eddo<\/span> en veinte<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> oro<\/span> y plata<\/span> que<\/span> los espa\u00f1oles<\/span> en cinco<\/span> siglos<\/span>, con el problema<\/span> a\u00f1adido<\/span> de que<\/span> la explotaci\u00f3n<\/span> de yacimientos<\/span> profundos<\/span> ocasiona<\/span> un gran<\/span> impacto<\/span> ambiental<\/span>… Al igual<\/span> que<\/span> el fracking<\/span><\/em>, practicado<\/span> sin apenas<\/span> trabas<\/span> legales<\/span> por<\/span> capital del otro<\/span> lado<\/span> de la frontera<\/span> norte<\/span>. Otros<\/span> bienes<\/span> antes comunes<\/span> que<\/span> se han<\/span> convertido<\/span> en propiedad<\/span> privada<\/span> de un modo<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> o menos<\/span> evidente<\/span> son el agua<\/span>, los hidrocarburos<\/span> y –como<\/span> en Per\u00fa–<\/span> los conocimientos<\/span> naturales<\/span> de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas<\/span>, expoliados<\/span> por<\/span> las<\/span> industrias<\/span> farmac\u00e9uticas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tDel mismo<\/span> modo<\/span>, asegur\u00f3<\/span> el ponente<\/span>, M\u00e9xico<\/span> produce una<\/span> cantidad<\/span> ingente<\/span> de energ\u00eda<\/span> que<\/span> es<\/span> exportada<\/span> a Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span> y Canad\u00e1<\/span>, mientras<\/span> que<\/span> buena<\/span> parte<\/span> de los mexicanos<\/span> sufren<\/span> graves carencias<\/span> de suministro<\/span> energ\u00e9tico<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tOtra<\/span> voz<\/span> cr\u00edtica<\/span> en el coraz\u00f3n<\/span> del Imperio<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEstadounidense<\/span> como<\/span> Susan George, Courtenay<\/span> Lewis es<\/span> una<\/span> mujer<\/span> cuyo<\/span> nombre<\/span> se avendr\u00eda<\/span> bien<\/span> con una<\/span> estrella<\/span> del rock, pero<\/span> no se dedica<\/span> a la m\u00fasica<\/span> sino<\/span> al activismo<\/span> ecologista<\/span> en el Sierra Club de San Francisco (California).<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLewis, al igual<\/span> que<\/span> L\u00f3pez<\/span> B\u00e1rcenas<\/span>, denunci\u00f3<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> promesas<\/span> de trabajo<\/span> y prosperidad<\/span> con que<\/span> se engatus\u00f3<\/span> al pueblo mexicano<\/span> antes de la entrada<\/span> en vigor del TLCAN<\/span> se hab\u00edan<\/span> convertido<\/span> en un tremendo<\/span> fiasco. (Ninguno<\/span> de los dos us\u00f3<\/span> como<\/span> testimonio<\/span> de su<\/span> aserto<\/span> el balance socioecon\u00f3mico<\/span> del sexenio<\/span> presidencial<\/span> de Felipe Calder\u00f3n<\/span>: M\u00e9xico<\/span> creci\u00f3<\/span> en ese<\/span> per\u00edodo<\/span> –diciembre<\/span> de 2006-diciembre<\/span> de 2012– una<\/span> media del seis<\/span> por<\/span> ciento<\/span> anual<\/span>, a cambio<\/span> de que<\/span> seis<\/span> millones<\/span> de ciudadanos<\/span> se sumaran<\/span> a las<\/span> filas<\/span> de la pobreza…<\/span> Por<\/span> supuesto<\/span>, una<\/span> parte<\/span> sustancial<\/span> de ese<\/span> incremento<\/span> del PIB<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> \u00edntimamente<\/span> relacionado<\/span> con el dinero<\/span> procedente<\/span> del narcotr\u00e1fico<\/span>, la actividad<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> rentable del pa\u00eds<\/span>.)<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tPero<\/span>, \u00bfqu\u00e9<\/span> ha ocurrido<\/span> al norte<\/span> del r\u00edo<\/span> Grande? Seg\u00fan<\/span> Lewis, las<\/span> repercusiones<\/span> del TLCAN<\/span> sobre<\/span> el mundo<\/span> laboral<\/span> estadounidense<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> han<\/span> sido<\/span> negativas<\/span>, puesto<\/span> que<\/span> la amenaza<\/span> de deslocalizaci\u00f3n<\/span> de empresas<\/span> hacia<\/span> M\u00e9xico<\/span> propici\u00f3<\/span> bajadas<\/span> o congelaciones<\/span> de sueldos<\/span>, adem\u00e1s<\/span> de la p\u00e9rdida<\/span> de puestos<\/span> de trabajo<\/span>. En consecuencia<\/span>, crecieron<\/span> las<\/span> dificultades<\/span> econ\u00f3micas<\/span> de la clase<\/span> trabajadora<\/span> –y el n\u00famero<\/span> de pobres–<\/span> mientras<\/span> se incrementaban<\/span> los beneficios<\/span> de empresas<\/span> y directivos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tOtra<\/span> repercusi\u00f3n<\/span> directa<\/span> sobre<\/span> el conjunto<\/span> de los ciudadanos<\/span> de Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span> fue<\/span> la aplicaci\u00f3n<\/span> del ya<\/span> citado<\/span> mecanismo<\/span> de compensaci\u00f3n<\/span> ISDS<\/span>, que<\/span> oblig\u00f3<\/span> al erario<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span> a indemnizar<\/span> a numerosas<\/span> empresas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa activista<\/span> del Club Sierra tambi\u00e9n<\/span> se lament\u00f3<\/span> de los da\u00f1os<\/span> medioambientales<\/span> causados<\/span> en su<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span> por<\/span> el fracking<\/span><\/em>, as\u00ed<\/span> como<\/span> del secretismo<\/span> en la negociaci\u00f3n<\/span> de los tratados<\/span> transpac\u00edfico<\/span> y transatl\u00e1ntico<\/span>, precisamente<\/span> en una<\/span> naci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> alardea<\/span> de sus<\/span> principios<\/span> democr\u00e1ticos<\/span>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Altermundistas de distintos pa\u00edses se re\u00fanen en la Ciudad Condal, convocados a una jornada contra el TTIP. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-catalunya"],"yoast_head":"\nLa conjura de los vampiros - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La conjura de los vampiros - Revista Rambla\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Altermundistas de distintos pa\u00edses se re\u00fanen en la Ciudad Condal, convocados a una jornada contra el TTIP. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Revista Rambla\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/revistarambla\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-10-13T03:46:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.revistarambla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/susan_rambla_01.jpg?fit=683%2C430&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"430\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@revistarambla\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@revistarambla\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4a5652fc8c82df1f8593002d038cd79e\"},\"headline\":\"La conjura de los vampiros\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-10-13T03:46:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2662,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/susan_rambla_01.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Catalunya\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/la-conjura-de-los-vampiros\\\/\",\"name\":\"La conjura de los vampiros - 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