{"id":6060,"date":"2014-10-07T02:22:34","date_gmt":"2014-10-07T02:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/la-especulacion-financiera-es-un-arma-de-destruccion-masiva\/"},"modified":"2014-10-07T02:22:34","modified_gmt":"2014-10-07T02:22:34","slug":"la-especulacion-financiera-es-un-arma-de-destruccion-masiva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/la-especulacion-financiera-es-un-arma-de-destruccion-masiva\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cLa especulaci\u00f3n financiera es un arma de destrucci\u00f3n masiva\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\"alt\"Triodos<\/span> Bank defiende<\/span> su<\/span> singularidad<\/span> apelando<\/span> a la conciencia<\/span> de los ciudadanos<\/span>: “Un banco<\/span> puede<\/span> ser<\/span> \u00e9tico<\/span> si<\/span> la gente<\/span> es<\/span> \u00e9tica”<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tLos valores<\/span> que<\/span> inspiran<\/span> Triodos<\/span> Bank est\u00e1n<\/span> presentes<\/span> en su<\/span> nombre<\/span>, que<\/span> proviene<\/span> de dos palabras<\/span> griegas<\/span>: “tri” (tres<\/span>) y “’odos”<\/span> (camino<\/span>). Una<\/span> triple senda<\/span>, argumenta<\/span> la entidad<\/span>, cifrada<\/span> en “las<\/span> personas, el planeta<\/span> y el beneficio”<\/span>. Es<\/span> decir<\/span>, en la posibilidad<\/span> de ganar<\/span> dinero<\/span> sin sacrificar<\/span> los valores<\/span> primordiales<\/span> del respeto<\/span> a los derechos<\/span> humanos<\/span> y la protecci\u00f3n<\/span> del entorno<\/span> natural. Pero<\/span>, \u00bfcu\u00e1les<\/span> son, en el terreno<\/span> de la pr\u00e1ctica<\/span>, sus<\/span> diferencias<\/span> reales<\/span> con la banca<\/span> convencional<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\"alt\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tPor<\/span> pura<\/span> l\u00f3gica<\/span> ramplona<\/span>, si<\/span> un poder<\/span> econ\u00f3mico<\/span> empleado<\/span> en malas<\/span> causas<\/span> devenga<\/span> grandes<\/span> males colectivos<\/span>, un poder<\/span> econ\u00f3mico<\/span> consagrado<\/span> a fines loables<\/span> deber\u00eda<\/span> materializarse<\/span> en grandes<\/span> beneficios<\/span> sociales<\/span>. Algo<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span> debieron<\/span> pensar<\/span> los creadores<\/span> de Triodos<\/span> Bank, nacido<\/span> como<\/span> fundaci\u00f3n<\/span> en los Pa\u00edses<\/span> Bajos<\/span>, all\u00e1<\/span> por<\/span> 1971. En 1980 se constituy\u00f3<\/span> como<\/span> entidad<\/span> bancaria<\/span>, con una<\/span> misi\u00f3n<\/span> declarada<\/span> tan sencilla<\/span> como<\/span> dif\u00edcil<\/span>: “hacer<\/span> que<\/span> el mundo<\/span> sea mejor<\/span>; contribuir<\/span> a un cambio<\/span> positivo<\/span> de la sociedad<\/span> desde<\/span> el sistema<\/span> financiero”<\/span>. As\u00ed<\/span> nos lo explica<\/span> Joan Antoni<\/span> Mel\u00e9<\/span> <\/strong>(Barcelona, 1951), subdirector<\/span> general comercial<\/span> para<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> de esta<\/span> entidad<\/span> de cr\u00e9dito<\/span> encuadrada<\/span> en el bando<\/span> –as\u00ed<\/span> cabr\u00eda<\/span> llamarlo–<\/span> de la banca<\/span> \u00e9tica<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tReivindicando<\/span> el oficio<\/span> de banquero<\/span>: que<\/span> circule<\/span> el dinero<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEn el imaginario<\/span> popular, los banqueros<\/span> se han<\/span> convertido<\/span> en personajes<\/span> de opereta<\/span>; son el malo<\/span> de la pel\u00edcula<\/span> y seguramente<\/span> han<\/span> hecho<\/span> m\u00e9ritos<\/span> para<\/span> ello<\/span>. De ah\u00ed<\/span> viene<\/span> la consabida<\/span> duda<\/span>: se antoja<\/span> dif\u00edcil<\/span> amoldar<\/span> “\u00e9tica”<\/span> y “banco”<\/span>, parecen<\/span> conceptos<\/span> antag\u00f3nicos…<\/span> Pero<\/span> Joan Antoni<\/span> Mel\u00e9<\/span> reivindica<\/span> “el orgullo<\/span> de ser<\/span> banquero”<\/span>, para<\/span> precisar<\/span> al punto<\/span>: “Una<\/span> cosa<\/span> es<\/span> el oficio<\/span>; otra<\/span>, como<\/span> se ofrece<\/span> ese<\/span> oficio<\/span>. El oficio<\/span> de banquero<\/span> supone<\/span> entender<\/span> cu\u00e1les<\/span> son las<\/span> necesidades<\/span> de la sociedad<\/span> y hacer<\/span> que<\/span> llegue<\/span> el dinero<\/span> las<\/span> empresas<\/span> que<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> generando<\/span> riqueza<\/span>, siempre<\/span> con prudencia<\/span>. El trabajo<\/span> del banquero<\/span> es<\/span> ese<\/span>: hacer<\/span> que<\/span> el dinero<\/span> circule<\/span> y genere<\/span> vida<\/span>. Por<\/span> ello<\/span>, si<\/span> las<\/span> personas que<\/span> ejercen<\/span> esta<\/span> actividad<\/span> y las<\/span> personas que<\/span> depositan<\/span> su<\/span> dinero<\/span> en una<\/span> entidad<\/span> bancaria<\/span> son conscientes<\/span> de su<\/span> utilidad<\/span> social, la banca<\/span> ser\u00e1<\/span> \u00e9tica<\/span>. Pero<\/span> no solo es<\/span> una<\/span> responsabilidad<\/span> de los banqueros<\/span>: la comparte<\/span> el cliente<\/span>, que<\/span> no debe<\/span> pensar<\/span> solamente<\/span> en cu\u00e1nto<\/span> va<\/span> a obtener<\/span> por<\/span> su<\/span> dinero<\/span>. Del mismo<\/span> modo<\/span> que<\/span> el banco<\/span> re\u00fane<\/span> toda<\/span> la informaci\u00f3n<\/span> posible<\/span> sobre<\/span> un particular antes de darle<\/span> un cr\u00e9dito<\/span>, el cliente<\/span> deber\u00eda<\/span> informarse<\/span> acerca<\/span> de las<\/span> actividades<\/span>, fines y garant\u00edas<\/span> del banco<\/span> al que<\/span> acude<\/span>, porque<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> haciendo<\/span> un pr\u00e9stamo<\/span> a la entidad<\/span> financiera<\/span> cuando<\/span> deposita<\/span> en ella<\/span> su<\/span> dinero.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tDe este<\/span> planteamiento<\/span> podr\u00edamos<\/span> deducir<\/span> que<\/span> hay una<\/span> gran<\/span> complicidad<\/span> social en los problemas<\/span> actuales<\/span> derivados<\/span> de las<\/span> actividades<\/span> de la banca<\/span>; una<\/span> cuesti\u00f3n<\/span> de endeble<\/span> eticidad<\/span> en los valores<\/span> colectivos<\/span> predominantes<\/span>. “Yo<\/span> hablar\u00eda<\/span> –puntualiza<\/span> Mel\u00e9–<\/span> de corresponsabilidad<\/span>. Una<\/span> banca<\/span> puede<\/span> ser<\/span> \u00e9tica<\/span> si<\/span> la gente<\/span> quiere<\/span> que<\/span> exista<\/span>. Hasta<\/span> ahora<\/span> hab\u00eda<\/span> una<\/span> gran<\/span> ignorancia<\/span> sobre<\/span> estas<\/span> cuestiones<\/span>, pero<\/span> la crisis ha hecho<\/span> que<\/span> la sociedad<\/span> vaya<\/span> concienci\u00e1ndose.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLos valores<\/span> diferenciadores<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tQueda<\/span> claro<\/span> que<\/span> el entrevistado<\/span> considera<\/span> a su<\/span> banco<\/span> plenamente<\/span> \u00e9tico<\/span>, conque<\/span> le pedimos<\/span> una<\/span> explicaci\u00f3n<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> detallada<\/span>: \u00bfcu\u00e1les<\/span> son los valores<\/span> diferenciadores<\/span> con respecto<\/span> al resto<\/span> de la banca<\/span> mundial<\/span>? Lo cierto<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span> responde<\/span> con entusiasmo<\/span>: “Nuestro<\/span> criterio<\/span> principal es<\/span> que<\/span> el beneficio<\/span> no puede<\/span> estar<\/span> por<\/span> delante<\/span> de las<\/span> personas y para<\/span> ello<\/span> hay unos<\/span> criterios<\/span> de inversi\u00f3n<\/span> diferenciadores<\/span>. Y una<\/span> transparencia<\/span> radical en cuanto<\/span> al uso<\/span> dado al dinero<\/span> de nuestros<\/span> clientes<\/span>, hasta<\/span> el \u00faltimo<\/span> c\u00e9ntimo<\/span>. Una<\/span> transparencia<\/span> que<\/span> incluye<\/span> mostrar<\/span> nuestros<\/span> errores<\/span>; todos<\/span> nos podemos<\/span> equivocar<\/span> y nosotros<\/span>, si<\/span> se da<\/span> el caso<\/span>, lo contamos.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEn la pr\u00e1ctica<\/span>, estas<\/span> exigencias<\/span> obligan<\/span> a ciertas<\/span> comprobaciones<\/span>; la cautela<\/span> siempre<\/span> debe<\/span> estar<\/span> al servicio<\/span> de la causa<\/span>: “Antes de conceder un cr\u00e9dito<\/span> a una<\/span> empresa<\/span> –explica<\/span> el entrevistado–<\/span> y previamente<\/span> al an\u00e1lisis<\/span> financiero<\/span> de su<\/span> viabilidad<\/span> econ\u00f3mica<\/span>, se investiga<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> finalidad<\/span> tendr\u00e1<\/span> ese<\/span> dinero<\/span>, desde<\/span> la consideraci\u00f3n<\/span> de cu\u00e1l<\/span> ser\u00e1<\/span> su<\/span> aportaci\u00f3n<\/span> a la sociedad<\/span>. Triodos<\/span> Bank no se fund\u00f3<\/span> como<\/span> un negocio<\/span> privado<\/span>, con el \u00fanico<\/span> objetivo<\/span> de que<\/span> sus<\/span> accionistas<\/span> acumulen<\/span> dinero<\/span>, sino<\/span> para<\/span> generar<\/span> riqueza<\/span> social.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tOtro<\/span> de los valores<\/span> diferenciadores<\/span> de Triodos<\/span>: la especulaci\u00f3n<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> prohibida<\/span>. “Solo invertimos<\/span> en econom\u00eda<\/span> real. El banco<\/span> es<\/span> un intermediario<\/span> y debe<\/span> garantizar<\/span> que<\/span> el dinero<\/span> de la gente<\/span> sirva<\/span> para<\/span> la gente<\/span>, y para<\/span> ello<\/span> es<\/span> necesario<\/span> saber d\u00f3nde<\/span> se puede<\/span> invertir<\/span> y d\u00f3nde<\/span> no se puede<\/span>, combinando<\/span> siempre<\/span> criterios<\/span> \u00e9ticos<\/span> y de solvencia.” De ah\u00ed<\/span> que<\/span> la entidad<\/span> se haya<\/span> visto<\/span> libre<\/span> de todos<\/span> los descalabros<\/span> ocasionados<\/span> en la banca<\/span> convencional<\/span> por<\/span> la inversi\u00f3n<\/span> en subprimes<\/span><\/em>, burbuja<\/span> inmobiliaria<\/span>, etc. Y ante el escepticismo<\/span> del entrevistador<\/span>, a quien<\/span> se le hace<\/span> dif\u00edcil<\/span> concebir<\/span> un banco<\/span> aislado<\/span> del gran<\/span> sistema<\/span> financiero<\/span> internacional<\/span>, Mel\u00e9<\/span> se muestra<\/span> tajante<\/span>: “Somos<\/span> completamente<\/span> independientes<\/span>. Ni captamos<\/span> ni<\/span> cedemos<\/span> dinero<\/span> interbancario<\/span>. Tampoco<\/span> cotizamos<\/span> en bolsa.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tModeraci\u00f3n<\/span> salarial<\/span>, pero<\/span> para<\/span> todos<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tOtro<\/span> aspecto<\/span> distintivo<\/span> de no menor<\/span> importancia<\/span> son las<\/span> condiciones<\/span> laborales<\/span> de los empleados<\/span> de Triodos<\/span> Bank. Para empezar<\/span>, “ning\u00fan<\/span> ejecutivo<\/span> tiene<\/span> bonos<\/span> ni<\/span> otros<\/span> incentivos<\/span> econ\u00f3micos<\/span> que<\/span> tanto<\/span> han<\/span> contribuido<\/span> a la degeneraci\u00f3n<\/span> de la banca<\/span> convencional<\/span>. Aqu\u00ed<\/span> se cobran<\/span> salarios<\/span> dignos<\/span>, sin m\u00e1s<\/span> incentivo<\/span> que<\/span> el propio<\/span> hecho<\/span> de trabajar<\/span> en Triodos<\/span>. La diferencia<\/span> m\u00e1xima<\/span> salarial<\/span> dentro<\/span> del banco<\/span> es<\/span> de 9,4 veces<\/span> el salario<\/span> bruto<\/span>, cuando<\/span> en un banco<\/span> convencional<\/span> puede<\/span> superar<\/span> las<\/span> mil veces<\/span>. Tengamos<\/span> en cuenta<\/span> que<\/span> los estudiosos<\/span> de la econom\u00eda<\/span> del bien<\/span> com\u00fan<\/span> consideran<\/span> que<\/span> hasta<\/span> veinte<\/span> veces<\/span> es<\/span> aceptable.” Y sentencia<\/span>: “La codicia<\/span> nunca<\/span> debe<\/span> ser<\/span> un incentivo<\/span> econ\u00f3mico<\/span>, porque<\/span> lleva<\/span> a la destrucci\u00f3n.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa \u00e9tica<\/span> es<\/span> solvente<\/span> y rentable<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tA pesar<\/span> del p\u00e9simo<\/span> prestigio<\/span> de la banca<\/span> convencional<\/span>, mucha<\/span> gente<\/span> conf\u00edar<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> en un sinverg\u00fcenza<\/span> que<\/span> en una<\/span> persona honrada<\/span> a la hora<\/span> de buscar<\/span> rentabilidad<\/span> para<\/span> su<\/span> dinero<\/span>. Pero<\/span> los resultados<\/span> de Triodos<\/span> desmienten<\/span> los temores<\/span> populares<\/span> a la insolvencia<\/span> de la banca<\/span> \u00e9tica<\/span>: su<\/span> ratio de solvencia<\/span> era muy<\/span> alto, el 18,3 % en junio<\/span> de 2014, “cuando<\/span> en Espa\u00f1a<\/span> hay muchos<\/span> bancos<\/span> convencionales<\/span> que<\/span> raspan<\/span> el ocho”<\/span>. Y otro<\/span> tanto<\/span> se nos asegura<\/span> sobre<\/span> la rentabilidad<\/span> del banco<\/span>: seg\u00fan<\/span> los datos<\/span> oficiales<\/span> de la entidad<\/span>, el a\u00f1o<\/span> 2013 se cerr\u00f3<\/span> en Espa\u00f1a<\/span> con un 38 % de crecimiento<\/span> de balance total. “Tenemos<\/span> beneficios<\/span> anuales<\/span>. \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos<\/span>? Los suficientes<\/span> para<\/span> poder<\/span> seguir<\/span> trabajando<\/span>. Nuestros<\/span> objetivos<\/span> no son especulativos.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tHar\u00e1<\/span> un a\u00f1o<\/span> que<\/span> Triodos<\/span> ofert\u00f3<\/span> sus<\/span> certificados<\/span> de dep\u00f3sito<\/span>, “que<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> dando<\/span> r\u00e9ditos<\/span> por<\/span> encima<\/span> del cuatro<\/span> por<\/span> ciento<\/span>, cifra<\/span> superior a los dep\u00f3sitos<\/span> de muchos<\/span> otros<\/span> bancos<\/span>. Lo que<\/span> ocurre<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span> no podemos<\/span> decirle<\/span> al cliente<\/span> cu\u00e1nto<\/span> ser\u00e1<\/span> ese<\/span> r\u00e9dito<\/span> de un a\u00f1o<\/span> a otro<\/span>, porque<\/span> depende<\/span> de cu\u00e1les<\/span> sean<\/span> los beneficios<\/span> del banco”<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfUn banco<\/span> autolimitado<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLos certificados<\/span> de dep\u00f3sito<\/span> convierten<\/span> el inversor<\/span> en cuasiaccionista<\/span> del banco<\/span> (y decimos<\/span> cuasi<\/span><\/em>, porque<\/span> los certificados<\/span> no son de libre<\/span> venta<\/span> en los mercados<\/span> financieros<\/span>). Mel\u00e9<\/span> aclara<\/span> que<\/span> “existe<\/span> un mercado<\/span> secundario<\/span>, circunscrito<\/span> al \u00e1mbito<\/span> europeo<\/span> de Triodos<\/span>. Ahora<\/span> bien<\/span>, los derechos<\/span> pol\u00edticos<\/span> de las<\/span> acciones<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> limitados<\/span>, son propiedad<\/span> de la comisi\u00f3n<\/span> rectora<\/span> del banco<\/span>, precisamente<\/span> para<\/span> garantizar<\/span> la independencia<\/span> de la entidad<\/span>; as\u00ed<\/span> nadie<\/span> podr\u00e1<\/span> cambiar<\/span> los estatutos<\/span> que<\/span> definen<\/span> sus<\/span> objetivos<\/span> haciendo<\/span> uso<\/span> de su<\/span> condici\u00f3n<\/span> de accionista<\/span> mayoritario”<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tA la pregunta<\/span> de si<\/span> esta<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> autolimita<\/span> la capacidad<\/span> de crecimiento<\/span> de la entidad<\/span>, la respuesta<\/span> entronca<\/span> de nuevo<\/span> con las<\/span> consideraciones<\/span> \u00e9ticas<\/span> que<\/span> inspiran<\/span> a Triodos<\/span>: “Tenemos<\/span> un modelo<\/span> org\u00e1nico<\/span> de crecimiento<\/span> moderado<\/span> y continuo que<\/span> depara<\/span> estabilidad<\/span>, tranquilidad<\/span> y seguridad<\/span> al cliente”<\/span>, y coincidimos<\/span> al comentar<\/span> que<\/span> los beneficios<\/span> honrados<\/span> raramente<\/span> pueden<\/span> hacerse<\/span> de otra<\/span> manera<\/span>. “Para nosotros<\/span>, crecer<\/span> no es<\/span> un objetivo<\/span>, sino<\/span> un resultado<\/span>; es<\/span> decir<\/span>, queremos<\/span> hacer<\/span> las<\/span> cosas<\/span> bien<\/span> para<\/span> que<\/span> mucha<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> gente<\/span> conf\u00ede<\/span> en nosotros<\/span>. Y lo mismo<\/span> digo<\/span> acerca<\/span> del beneficio<\/span>: es<\/span> un resultado<\/span>, no un objeto<\/span>. Incluso<\/span> tenemos<\/span> clientes<\/span> que<\/span> han<\/span> sacado<\/span> su<\/span> dinero<\/span> de otras<\/span> entidades<\/span> para<\/span> ponerlo<\/span> aqu\u00ed<\/span>, aun<\/span> ganando<\/span> menos<\/span>. Claro<\/span> que<\/span> se pueden<\/span> obtener<\/span> inmensas<\/span> ganancias<\/span>: si<\/span> en vez<\/span> de financiar<\/span> una<\/span> empresa<\/span> dedicada<\/span> a trabajar<\/span> con personas en riesgo<\/span> de exclusi\u00f3n<\/span> invierto<\/span> en casinos, gano<\/span> infinitamente<\/span> m\u00e1s…<\/span> \u00bfa cambio<\/span> de qu\u00e9<\/span>? \u00bfD\u00f3nde<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> el beneficio<\/span> social?”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tUna<\/span> cuesti\u00f3n<\/span> candente<\/span>: los desahucios<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tTriodos<\/span> Bank lleva<\/span> diez<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> trabajando<\/span> en Espa\u00f1a<\/span>. La mayor parte<\/span> de este<\/span> tiempo<\/span> ha centrado<\/span> su<\/span> l\u00ednea<\/span> de cr\u00e9dito<\/span> en las<\/span> empresas<\/span>, sin ocuparse<\/span> de los pr\u00e9stamos<\/span> al consumo<\/span>. Hace<\/span> aproximadamente<\/span> un a\u00f1o<\/span> abri\u00f3<\/span> una<\/span> l\u00ednea<\/span> de hipotecas<\/span> para<\/span> particulares<\/span>, “cuando<\/span> cre\u00edmos<\/span> que<\/span> era una<\/span> necesidad<\/span> social, puesto<\/span> que<\/span> la banca<\/span> convencional<\/span> no las<\/span> conced\u00eda”<\/span>. As\u00ed<\/span> que<\/span> la pregunta<\/span> es<\/span> obligada<\/span>: \u00bfTriodos<\/span> desahucia<\/span>? Mel\u00e9<\/span> lo niega<\/span> de modo<\/span> tajante<\/span>, pero<\/span> a continuaci\u00f3n<\/span> admite<\/span> que<\/span> “no nos hemos<\/span> encontrado<\/span> a\u00fan<\/span> con el caso”<\/span> e insiste<\/span> en el cuidado<\/span> que<\/span> todo<\/span> banco<\/span> debe<\/span> tener<\/span> a la hora<\/span> de asumir<\/span> riesgos<\/span> con el dinero<\/span> de sus<\/span> clientes<\/span>, una<\/span> cautela<\/span> que<\/span> la banca<\/span> convencional<\/span> olvid\u00f3<\/span> durante<\/span> los a\u00f1os<\/span> de la burbuja<\/span> inmobiliaria<\/span> y que<\/span> ha provocado<\/span> el p\u00e9simo<\/span> efecto<\/span> de traspasar<\/span> el desaguisado<\/span> al erario<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tAnte la falta<\/span> de casu\u00edstica<\/span>, insisto<\/span>: dada la situaci\u00f3n<\/span> actual, cabe<\/span> la posibilidad<\/span> de que<\/span> surjan<\/span> casos<\/span> de impago<\/span> de hipoteca…“Tenemos<\/span> algunas<\/span> experiencias<\/span> anteriores<\/span>, con cr\u00e9ditos<\/span> a empresas<\/span>, y siempre<\/span> hemos<\/span> buscado<\/span> soluciones<\/span>, como<\/span> encontrar<\/span> para<\/span> la empresa<\/span> afectada<\/span> un socio capitalista<\/span> o un comprador<\/span> que<\/span> pueda<\/span> reflotar<\/span> el negocio<\/span>, o ampliar<\/span> los t\u00e9rminos<\/span> del pr\u00e9stamo<\/span>. Si un d\u00eda<\/span> nos encontramos<\/span> con el mismo<\/span> problema<\/span> en las<\/span> hipotecas<\/span>, ser\u00e1<\/span> necesario<\/span> buscar<\/span> f\u00f3rmulas<\/span> imaginativas<\/span> para<\/span> solucionarlo”<\/span>, y prefiere<\/span> no anticipar<\/span> recetas<\/span> milagrosas<\/span>, aunque<\/span>, de las<\/span> barajadas<\/span> p\u00fabicamente<\/span> hasta<\/span> la fecha<\/span>, el alquiler<\/span> social le parece<\/span> mejor<\/span> que<\/span> la daci\u00f3n<\/span> en pago<\/span>, “que<\/span> supone<\/span> una<\/span> p\u00e9rdida<\/span> total para<\/span> el cliente”<\/span>. Y concluye<\/span> al respecto<\/span>: “Ojal\u00e1<\/span> no llegue<\/span> el caso<\/span>, pero<\/span> si<\/span> uno<\/span> tiene<\/span> voluntad<\/span> de di\u00e1logo<\/span> casi<\/span> siempre<\/span> se encuentran<\/span> soluciones<\/span>. Con nuestro<\/span> modo<\/span> de proceder<\/span> podemos<\/span> tener<\/span> un problema<\/span> aislado<\/span>, pero<\/span> no un problema<\/span> estructural<\/span> como<\/span> el actual.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEconom\u00eda<\/span> libre<\/span> no es<\/span> hacer<\/span> lo que<\/span> a uno<\/span> le venga<\/span> en gana<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEl derrotero<\/span> de la conversaci\u00f3n<\/span> sobrevuela<\/span> desde<\/span> cuestiones<\/span> particulares<\/span> a generales<\/span>, as\u00ed<\/span> que<\/span> aparece<\/span> el tema<\/span> de la relaci\u00f3n<\/span> entre<\/span> banca<\/span> y pol\u00edtica<\/span>. Desde<\/span> la visi\u00f3n<\/span> en apariencia<\/span> tecnocr\u00e1tica<\/span> –aunque<\/span> profundamente<\/span> ideol\u00f3gica–<\/span> imperante<\/span> en nuestros<\/span> d\u00edas<\/span>, se preconiza<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> esferas<\/span> econ\u00f3micas<\/span> –y se ve<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> burbujas<\/span> tambi\u00e9n–<\/span> deben<\/span> estar<\/span> libres<\/span> de sometimiento<\/span> a la pol\u00edtica<\/span>. En este<\/span> caso<\/span>, Mel\u00e9<\/span> es<\/span> partidario<\/span> de la independencia<\/span>, pero<\/span> no de la insumisi\u00f3n<\/span>: “No es<\/span> sano<\/span> que<\/span> el mercado<\/span> financiero<\/span> intervenga<\/span> en pol\u00edtica<\/span>, ni<\/span> viceversa.” Por<\/span> ello<\/span> –y a diferencia<\/span> de la banca<\/span> convencional–<\/span> “Triodos<\/span> no financia<\/span> partidos<\/span> pol\u00edticos<\/span>, a fin de mantener<\/span> tanto<\/span> nuestra<\/span> independencia<\/span> como<\/span> la de los propios<\/span> partidos<\/span>. Hemos<\/span> colaborado<\/span> muchas<\/span> veces<\/span> con las<\/span> instituciones<\/span>, pero<\/span> nunca<\/span> con los partidos”<\/span>. Por<\/span> otra<\/span> parte<\/span>, reconoce<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> organizaciones<\/span> que<\/span> controlan<\/span> la actividad<\/span> econ\u00f3mica<\/span> a nivel<\/span> internacional<\/span>, como<\/span> el Fondo<\/span> Monetario<\/span> Internacional<\/span>, Banco<\/span> Mundial<\/span>, Organizaci\u00f3n<\/span> Mundial<\/span> del Comercio<\/span>, Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span>, etc., son muy<\/span> poco<\/span> independientes<\/span> y transparentes<\/span>, e internamente<\/span> poco<\/span> democr\u00e1ticas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tVuelvo<\/span> a la carga<\/span>: antes cre\u00edamos<\/span> en la omnisciencia<\/span> de Dios<\/span>, hoy<\/span> ese<\/span> rasgo<\/span> se lo atribuimos<\/span> al mercado<\/span>, como<\/span> si<\/span> tuviera<\/span> conciencia<\/span> y voluntad<\/span> aut\u00f3nomas<\/span> y fuera<\/span> el gran<\/span> referente<\/span> de sabidur\u00eda<\/span> (es<\/span> una<\/span> cr\u00edtica<\/span> de Mario Bunge<\/span> a Friedrick<\/span> Hayeck<\/span>). La respuesta<\/span> de nuevo<\/span> apunta<\/span> a principios<\/span> \u00e9ticos<\/span>: “No estoy<\/span> de acuerdo<\/span> en ese<\/span> planteamiento<\/span>. La econom\u00eda<\/span> debe<\/span> ser<\/span> libre<\/span>; esto<\/span> quiere<\/span> decir<\/span> que<\/span> podamos<\/span> relacionarnos<\/span> libremente<\/span> para<\/span> desarrollarla<\/span>, con libertad<\/span> de ideas e iniciativas<\/span>, pero<\/span> no que<\/span> podamos<\/span> hacer<\/span> lo que<\/span> nos venga<\/span> en gana<\/span>. Cuando<\/span> uno<\/span> utiliza<\/span> el poder<\/span> econ\u00f3mico<\/span> o la informaci\u00f3n<\/span> derivada<\/span> del mismo<\/span> para<\/span> avasallar<\/span> a otro<\/span> o dedicarse<\/span> a actividades<\/span> perjudiciales<\/span> para<\/span> la mayor\u00eda<\/span> de la sociedad<\/span>, tiene<\/span> que<\/span> haber<\/span> alguien<\/span> que<\/span> lo frene<\/span>. Y lo mismo<\/span> cuando<\/span> simplemente<\/span> hay un riesgo<\/span> para<\/span> terceros<\/span>. Esa<\/span> es<\/span> la funci\u00f3n<\/span> del pol\u00edtico<\/span>, garantizar<\/span> la paz<\/span> y el respeto<\/span> a los derechos<\/span> humanos.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tAntes del estallido<\/span> de la crisis financiera<\/span> de 2007, si<\/span> los gobiernos<\/span> hubieran<\/span> cumplido<\/span> con los acuerdos<\/span> internacionales<\/span> de regulaci\u00f3n<\/span> de las<\/span> actividades<\/span> bancarias<\/span> se les habr\u00eda<\/span> acusado<\/span> de estalinistas<\/span>. Como no lo hicieron<\/span>, el neoliberalismo<\/span> les tilda<\/span> de negligentes<\/span>. Mel\u00e9<\/span> parece<\/span> confirmarlo<\/span> cuando<\/span> sostiene<\/span> que<\/span>, hoy<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> que<\/span> nunca<\/span>, “son necesariasleyes<\/span> de transparencia<\/span> bancaria<\/span> y de limitaci\u00f3n<\/span> de la especulaci\u00f3n<\/span>. Este<\/span> ordenamiento<\/span> no ser\u00eda<\/span> ninguna<\/span> novedad<\/span>, se instaur\u00f3<\/span> despu\u00e9s<\/span> del crak<\/span> de 1929, al prohibirse<\/span> que<\/span> la banca<\/span> comercial<\/span> pudiera<\/span> especular<\/span>. La limitaci\u00f3n<\/span> fue<\/span> eliminada<\/span> en la d\u00e9cada<\/span> de 1980. De ah\u00ed<\/span> vinieron<\/span> casos<\/span> como<\/span> las<\/span> subprime<\/em>, ante las<\/span> que<\/span> no hubo<\/span> una<\/span> autoridad<\/span> limitadora<\/span>. Deber\u00eda<\/span> volverse<\/span> a esa<\/span> distinci\u00f3n<\/span> entre<\/span> banca<\/span> comercial<\/span> y banca<\/span> financiera”<\/span>. \u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa especulaci\u00f3n<\/span> es<\/span> un arma<\/span> de destrucci\u00f3n<\/span> masiva<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tNuestro<\/span> entrevistado<\/span> se\u00f1ala<\/span> que<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> del 95 % del dinero<\/span> que<\/span> circula<\/span> por<\/span> el mundo<\/span> procede<\/span> de la especulaci\u00f3n<\/span>. Sin embargo, no cree<\/span> que<\/span> la aplicaci\u00f3n<\/span> de la tasa<\/span> Tobin sea una<\/span> medida<\/span> eficaz<\/span> de redistribuci\u00f3n<\/span> hacia<\/span> la econom\u00eda<\/span> productiva<\/span> o la financiaci\u00f3n<\/span> de presupuestos<\/span> sociales<\/span>. “Comparto<\/span> la exigencia<\/span> de que<\/span> se limite<\/span> e incluso<\/span> desaparezca<\/span> la especulaci\u00f3n<\/span> financiera<\/span>; la especulaci\u00f3n<\/span> es<\/span> un arma<\/span> de destrucci\u00f3n<\/span> masiva<\/span>. Pero<\/span>, si<\/span> no acabamos<\/span> con los para\u00edsos<\/span> fiscales<\/span>, la tasa<\/span> Tobin no creo<\/span> que<\/span> vaya<\/span> a servir<\/span>. Insisto<\/span> en que<\/span> la transparencia<\/span> bancaria<\/span> y una<\/span> nueva<\/span> separaci\u00f3n<\/span> entre<\/span> banca<\/span> comercial<\/span> y banca<\/span> de inversiones<\/span> ser\u00edan<\/span> por<\/span> el momento<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> eficientes<\/span>. Que<\/span> se sepa<\/span> cu\u00e1les<\/span> son las<\/span> entidades<\/span> bancarias<\/span> espa\u00f1olas<\/span> que<\/span> operan<\/span> en para\u00edsos<\/span> fiscales<\/span> y que<\/span> la gente<\/span> les retire su<\/span> dinero.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t“La econom\u00eda<\/span> –contin\u00faa–<\/span> no consiste<\/span> en acumular<\/span> dinero<\/span>, sino<\/span> en cubrir<\/span> las<\/span> necesidades<\/span> de todas<\/span> las<\/span> personas mediante<\/span> las<\/span> relaciones<\/span>, el trabajo<\/span> y la tecnolog\u00eda<\/span>. Hay recursos<\/span> para<\/span> ello<\/span>, el problema<\/span> son los prop\u00f3sitos<\/span> y los valores<\/span>, y la experiencia<\/span> nos lo est\u00e1<\/span> mostrando.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tDinero<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span> para<\/span> fines privados<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tSeg\u00fan<\/span> Mel\u00e9<\/span>, en Espa\u00f1a<\/span> hay mucho<\/span> dinero…<\/span> pero<\/span> luce<\/span> muy<\/span> poco<\/span>, le comento<\/span>. Y se explica<\/span> con un ejemplo<\/span>: “En diciembre<\/span> de 2011, antes del rescate<\/span> financiero<\/span> y para<\/span> evitar<\/span> la crisis crediticia<\/span>, el Banco<\/span> Central Europeo<\/span> inyect\u00f3<\/span> en la banca<\/span> espa\u00f1ola<\/span> entre<\/span> 130 y 150.000 millones<\/span> de euros<\/span> para<\/span> que<\/span> mantuvieran<\/span> el cr\u00e9dito<\/span> a las<\/span> entidades<\/span>; no se hizo<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span>, sino<\/span> que<\/span> el dinero<\/span> fue<\/span> empleado<\/span> en la compra<\/span> de bonos<\/span> del tesoro<\/span> espa\u00f1ol<\/span> y estadounidense<\/span>. No se us\u00f3<\/span> debidamente.” En suma<\/span>: adem\u00e1s<\/span> de provocar<\/span> la crisis, la especulaci\u00f3n<\/span> bancaria<\/span> se ha comido<\/span> el rescate<\/span> pagado<\/span> con fondos<\/span> p\u00fablicos<\/span>, adem\u00e1s<\/span> de renunciar<\/span> a la tarea<\/span> gen\u00e9rica<\/span> que<\/span> tipifica<\/span> a las<\/span> entidades<\/span> de cr\u00e9dito<\/span>. “Miles de empresas<\/span> han<\/span> cerrado<\/span> en Espa\u00f1a<\/span> no porque<\/span> fueran<\/span> inviables<\/span>, sino<\/span> por<\/span> carecer<\/span> de cr\u00e9dito.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\"alt\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfSaldremos<\/span> de la crisis?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa salida<\/span> de la crisis tampoco<\/span> parece<\/span> cercana<\/span>, aunque<\/span> “cierto<\/span> cambio<\/span> hemos<\/span> notado<\/span>, como<\/span> en la demanda<\/span> de cr\u00e9ditos<\/span>. Para salir<\/span> de la crisis tiene<\/span> que<\/span> volver<\/span> la confianza<\/span>, porque<\/span> ahora<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> instalado<\/span> el des\u00e1nimo<\/span>. Muchos<\/span> empresarios<\/span> que<\/span> tienen<\/span> una<\/span> demanda<\/span> superior a su<\/span> capacidad<\/span> productiva<\/span> no invierten<\/span> en el crecimiento<\/span> de su<\/span> negocio<\/span> por<\/span> simple miedo<\/span>. Yo<\/span> intento<\/span> transmitir<\/span> confianza<\/span> y compromiso<\/span>. Tambi\u00e9n<\/span> hay que<\/span> constatar<\/span> errores<\/span> gubernamentales<\/span>, como<\/span> el del mal trato<\/span> a las<\/span> renovables<\/span>, que<\/span> estaban<\/span> creando<\/span> muchos<\/span> puestos<\/span> de trabajo<\/span> (aunque<\/span> estoy<\/span> de acuerdo<\/span> en una<\/span> reducci\u00f3n<\/span> paulatina<\/span> de las<\/span> subvenciones<\/span>). La falta<\/span> de entendimiento<\/span> entre<\/span> los grandes<\/span> partidos<\/span> tampoco<\/span> ayuda<\/span> a superar<\/span> este<\/span> pesimismo”<\/span>. De todos<\/span> modos<\/span>, el entrevistado<\/span> insiste<\/span> en que<\/span> para<\/span> salir<\/span> de la crisis hace<\/span> falta<\/span> “una<\/span> conciencia<\/span> global. Hace<\/span> diez<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span>, en Espa\u00f1a<\/span> est\u00e1bamos<\/span> muy<\/span> contentos<\/span>, pero<\/span> millones<\/span> de personas en el mundo<\/span> sufr\u00edan<\/span> explotaci\u00f3n<\/span>, y siguen<\/span> sufri\u00e9ndola<\/span>. Hay que<\/span> cambiar<\/span> los criterios<\/span> de sostenibilidad<\/span> humana<\/span> y medioambiental<\/span>, y la tarea<\/span> va<\/span> a exigir<\/span> much\u00edsima<\/span> informaci\u00f3n<\/span>. Es<\/span> necesaria<\/span> una<\/span> epidemia<\/span> de conciencia.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tMel\u00e9<\/span> cita<\/span> cuatro<\/span> medidas<\/span> que<\/span> le parecen<\/span> perentorias<\/span> para<\/span> la econom\u00eda<\/span> espa\u00f1ola<\/span>:\u00a0 “En primer lugar<\/span> la ya<\/span> citada<\/span> ley<\/span> de transparencia<\/span>, para<\/span> que<\/span> los bancos<\/span> informen<\/span> de sus<\/span> cuentas<\/span> hasta<\/span> el \u00faltimo<\/span> c\u00e9ntimo<\/span>, y d\u00f3nde<\/span> y c\u00f3mo<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> actuando<\/span>; esta<\/span> ley<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> ser\u00eda<\/span> aplicable<\/span> a las<\/span> dem\u00e1s<\/span> empresas<\/span>, para<\/span> saber con qu\u00e9<\/span>, c\u00f3mo<\/span> y d\u00f3nde<\/span> se ha realizado<\/span> el producto<\/span> que<\/span> ofertan<\/span>, y en qu\u00e9<\/span> condiciones<\/span> laborales<\/span> (para<\/span> que<\/span> no sigan<\/span> d\u00e1ndose<\/span> casos<\/span> de explotaci\u00f3n<\/span> como<\/span> los conocidos<\/span>, por<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>, en la industria<\/span> textil<\/span> asi\u00e1tica<\/span>). Segunda<\/span>: limitaci\u00f3n<\/span> de la especulaci\u00f3n<\/span>, a fin de que<\/span> el dinero<\/span> vuelva<\/span> a circular en la sociedad<\/span>. Tercera<\/span>: promoci\u00f3n<\/span> de las<\/span> energ\u00edas<\/span> renovables<\/span>, dada las<\/span> posibilidades<\/span> inmensas<\/span> del pa\u00eds<\/span> en esta<\/span> \u00e1rea<\/span>. Y cuarta<\/span>: medidas<\/span> de eficiencia<\/span> energ\u00e9tica<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> decididas<\/span>, que<\/span> favorecer\u00edan<\/span> la sostenibilidad<\/span> y crear\u00edan<\/span> puestos<\/span> de trabajo.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa cuesti\u00f3n<\/span> catalana<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa entrevista<\/span> se realiza<\/span> en Barcelona, el entrevistado<\/span> es<\/span> catal\u00e1n<\/span> y en toda<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> se habla<\/span> del proceso<\/span> soberanista<\/span> en esta<\/span> tierra<\/span>, que<\/span> buena<\/span> parte<\/span> de la banca<\/span> espa\u00f1ola<\/span> ha criticado<\/span>. As\u00ed<\/span> pues<\/span>, no puedo<\/span> sustraerme<\/span> a la pregunta<\/span>: \u00bfqu\u00e9<\/span> har\u00eda<\/span> Triodos<\/span> Bank en el caso<\/span> hipot\u00e9tico<\/span> de la independencia<\/span> de Catalu\u00f1a<\/span>? “A Triodos<\/span> no le afectar\u00eda<\/span>, somos<\/span> un banco<\/span> europeo<\/span> y tendr\u00edamos<\/span> nuestra<\/span> delegaci\u00f3n<\/span> en Catalu\u00f1a<\/span>. Simplemente<\/span> deber\u00edamos<\/span> tomar<\/span> las<\/span> medidas<\/span> de adaptaci\u00f3n<\/span> a la nueva<\/span> situaci\u00f3n<\/span> jur\u00eddica<\/span> y administrativa”<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEn cuanto<\/span> a las<\/span> consecuencias<\/span> econ\u00f3micas<\/span> de la independencia<\/span>, a nuestro<\/span> entrevistado<\/span> le parece<\/span> una<\/span> cuesti\u00f3n<\/span> harto<\/span> compleja<\/span> e imprevisible<\/span> en su<\/span> totalidad<\/span>. “Dejando<\/span> aparte<\/span> ideolog\u00edas<\/span> y sentimientos<\/span>, incluso<\/span> en el caso<\/span> de que<\/span> se celebrara<\/span> la consulta<\/span> y ganara<\/span> la opci\u00f3n<\/span> independentista<\/span>, creo<\/span> que<\/span> la separaci\u00f3n<\/span> ser\u00eda<\/span> un proceso<\/span> a muy<\/span> largo plazo<\/span>, debido<\/span> a lo estrecho<\/span> de los lazos<\/span> econ\u00f3micos<\/span>. Esta<\/span> dificultad<\/span> es<\/span> reconocida<\/span> incluso<\/span> por<\/span> personas que<\/span> defienden<\/span> p\u00fablicamente<\/span> el derecho<\/span> a decidir<\/span> y la secesi\u00f3n<\/span>. Me parece<\/span> imposible<\/span> discernir<\/span> con exactitud<\/span> el reparto<\/span> de los gastos<\/span>, ingresos<\/span>, bienes<\/span>, etc.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEl poder<\/span> del dinero…<\/span> de la gente<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEspa\u00f1a<\/span> es<\/span> actualmente<\/span> el pa\u00eds<\/span> donde<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> crece<\/span> Triodos<\/span>. “Lleg\u00f3<\/span> tarde<\/span>, con veinticinco<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> de retraso<\/span>, pero<\/span> la reacci\u00f3n<\/span> de la gente<\/span> ha sido<\/span> espectacular<\/span>. Tenemos<\/span> unos<\/span> 170.000 clientes.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEl subdirector<\/span> general de Triodos<\/span> atribuye<\/span> este<\/span> \u00e9xito<\/span> a que<\/span> “estamos<\/span> viviendo<\/span> un cambio<\/span> general de conciencia<\/span>, del que<\/span> la econom\u00eda<\/span> no puede<\/span> permanecer<\/span> apartada.” E insiste<\/span> en el tema<\/span> del empoderamiento<\/span>, preconizando<\/span> una<\/span> suerte<\/span> de justicia<\/span> popular a trav\u00e9s<\/span> de los h\u00e1bitos<\/span> de consumo<\/span> e inversi\u00f3n<\/span>: “Afalta<\/span> de esas<\/span> leyes<\/span>, el ciudadano<\/span> tiene<\/span> mucho<\/span> poder<\/span>, porque<\/span> el banco<\/span> vive de su<\/span> dinero<\/span>. Cada<\/span> d\u00eda<\/span> votamos<\/span> con nuestro<\/span> dinero<\/span>, como<\/span> cuando<\/span> compramos<\/span> un producto<\/span> de comercio<\/span> justo<\/span> u otro<\/span> que<\/span> se ha fabricado<\/span> sometiendo<\/span> a las<\/span> personas a condiciones<\/span> laborales<\/span> infrahumanas<\/span>. Nosotros<\/span> decidimos<\/span>, y elegir<\/span> un banco<\/span> en este<\/span> momento<\/span> es<\/span> fundamental, tanto<\/span> para<\/span> los particulares<\/span> como<\/span> para<\/span> las<\/span> empresas<\/span>. \u00bfPodemos<\/span> ser<\/span> pacifistas<\/span> y tener<\/span> nuestro<\/span> dinero<\/span> en un banco<\/span> que<\/span> financie<\/span> el tr\u00e1fico<\/span> de armas<\/span>? Nadie<\/span> puede<\/span> cambiar<\/span> las<\/span> decisiones<\/span> del Fondo<\/span> Monetario<\/span> Internacional<\/span>, pero<\/span> s\u00ed<\/span> podemos<\/span> contribuir<\/span> a la creaci\u00f3n<\/span> de otro<\/span> tipo<\/span> de organismos<\/span> bancarios<\/span>. Abusan<\/span> porque<\/span> les hemos<\/span> dado el poder<\/span> de nuestro<\/span> dinero<\/span> sin ninguna<\/span> condici\u00f3n<\/span>, y en la medida<\/span> en que<\/span> la ciudadan\u00eda<\/span> tome conciencia<\/span> de ello<\/span> los gobiernos<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> podr\u00e1n<\/span> actuar<\/span> m\u00e1s.”<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tComento<\/span> a Mel\u00e9<\/span> que<\/span> Triodos<\/span> hace<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span>; no partidaria<\/span>, pero<\/span> s\u00ed<\/span> te\u00f3rica<\/span> y pr\u00e1ctica<\/span>. Y confirma<\/span>: “Hacemos<\/span> que<\/span> los ciudadanos<\/span> de la polis<\/span><\/em> est\u00e9n<\/span> mejor<\/span>. Es<\/span> una<\/span> forma indirecta<\/span> de hacer<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span>: queremos<\/span> influir<\/span> en la gente<\/span> para<\/span> que<\/span> invierta<\/span> y gaste<\/span> su<\/span> dinero<\/span> en productos<\/span> ecol\u00f3gicos<\/span>, a ser<\/span> posible<\/span> de cercan\u00eda<\/span>; en energ\u00edas<\/span> renovables<\/span>; en el comercio<\/span> justo<\/span>. Promovemos<\/span> las<\/span> donaciones<\/span> de parte<\/span> de los beneficios<\/span> de nuestros<\/span> clientes<\/span>. Esta<\/span> actitud<\/span> cambia la vida<\/span> de todos<\/span>. El nuevo<\/span> poder<\/span> mundial<\/span> es<\/span> la conciencia<\/span> de la gente<\/span> que<\/span> quiere<\/span> un mundo<\/span> mejor.”<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Triodos Bank defiende su singularidad apelando a la conciencia de los ciudadanos: “Un banco puede ser \u00e9tico si la gente es \u00e9tica”. \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-estado-espanol"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cLa especulaci\u00f3n financiera es un arma de destrucci\u00f3n masiva\u201d - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/la-especulacion-financiera-es-un-arma-de-destruccion-masiva\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cLa especulaci\u00f3n financiera es un arma de destrucci\u00f3n masiva\u201d - 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