{"id":5801,"date":"2014-08-14T06:25:22","date_gmt":"2014-08-14T06:25:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/solo-oimos-las-consecuencias-no-las-causas\/"},"modified":"2014-08-14T06:25:22","modified_gmt":"2014-08-14T06:25:22","slug":"solo-oimos-las-consecuencias-no-las-causas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/solo-oimos-las-consecuencias-no-las-causas\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cS\u00f3lo o\u00edmos las consecuencias, no las causas\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\"alt\"Durante<\/span> el pasado<\/span> 11 y 12 de agosto<\/span>, las<\/span> costas<\/span> gaditanas<\/span> recibieron<\/span> a casi<\/span> 1.100 inmigrantes<\/span> procedentes<\/span> de 78 embarcaciones<\/span> interceptadas<\/span> por<\/span> la Guardia Civil y Salvamento<\/span> Mar\u00edtimo<\/span> en el Estrecho<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\tJos\u00e9<\/span> Mar\u00eda<\/span> Perceval<\/span>, historiador<\/span> y doctor de la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma<\/span> de Barcelona, da<\/span> respuestas<\/span> a la problem\u00e1tica<\/span> de la inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span> y propone soluciones<\/span> a Europa<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\t\"alt\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tDurante<\/span> el pasado<\/span> 11 y 12 de agosto<\/span>, las<\/span> costas<\/span> gaditanas<\/span> recibieron<\/span> a casi<\/span> 1.100 inmigrantes<\/span> procedentes<\/span> de 78 embarcaciones<\/span> interceptadas<\/span> por<\/span> la Guardia Civil y Salvamento<\/span> Mar\u00edtimo<\/span> en el Estrecho<\/span>. Con ellos<\/span>, ya<\/span> son unos<\/span> 1.400 los inmigrantes<\/span> registrados<\/span> en lo que<\/span> va<\/span> de a\u00f1o<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLas condiciones<\/span> climatol\u00f3gicas<\/span> propias<\/span> del periodo<\/span> estival<\/span>, junto<\/span> al refuerzo<\/span> de la valla<\/span> de Melilla<\/span>, la ausencia<\/span> de vigilancia<\/span> marroqu\u00ed<\/span> y el aumento<\/span> del control en los pasos<\/span> fronterizos<\/span>, son algunas<\/span> de las<\/span> causas<\/span> de este<\/span> nuevo<\/span> flujo<\/span> migratorio<\/span> por<\/span> v\u00eda<\/span> mar\u00edtima<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span> se ha convertido<\/span> en uno<\/span> de los fen\u00f3menos<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> relevantes<\/span> de los \u00faltimos<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> en Espa\u00f1a<\/span>, posicion\u00e1ndolo<\/span> como<\/span> uno<\/span> de los 10 pa\u00edses<\/span> con mayor \u00edndice<\/span> de inmigrantes<\/span> en 2013.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEn el marco<\/span> de la conferencia<\/span> Control de las<\/span> migraciones<\/span>: pateras<\/span>, mafias<\/span> y valla<\/span> de Melilla<\/span><\/em>, organizada<\/span> por<\/span> la Universitat<\/span> Internacional<\/span> de la Pau<\/span>, Jos\u00e9<\/span> Mar\u00eda<\/span> Perceval<\/span>, historiador<\/span> y doctor de la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma<\/span> de Barcelona, ahonda<\/span> en las<\/span> causas<\/span> de la inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span> y analiza<\/span> la situaci\u00f3n<\/span> desde<\/span> una<\/span> perspectiva<\/span> optimista<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfEspa\u00f1a<\/span> tiene<\/span> un problema<\/span> de inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tSiempre<\/span> que<\/span> me plantean<\/span> el problema<\/span> de la inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span> me pregunto<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> es<\/span> un problema<\/span>. Un problema<\/span> es<\/span> un asunto<\/span> del que<\/span> se espera<\/span> una<\/span> soluci\u00f3n<\/span>, pero<\/span>, \u00bfcu\u00e1l<\/span> es<\/span> el problema<\/span>, las<\/span> personas o las<\/span> vallas<\/span> que<\/span> hay delante<\/span> de esas<\/span> personas?<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEl problema<\/span> no es<\/span> la migraci\u00f3n<\/span>, ni<\/span> los migrantes<\/span>, el problema<\/span> lo plantean<\/span> las<\/span> sociedades<\/span> emisoras<\/span>, es<\/span> decir<\/span>, expulsoras<\/span> de personas, y las<\/span> sociedades<\/span> receptoras<\/span>. La problem\u00e1tica<\/span>, evidentemente<\/span>, la afrontan<\/span> los migrantes<\/span>, pero<\/span> ellos<\/span> no tienen<\/span> un problema<\/span>, sino<\/span> que<\/span> se les plantea<\/span> un problema<\/span> al trasladarse<\/span>. Un problema<\/span> que<\/span> no existe<\/span> para<\/span> ciertos<\/span> migrantes<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEntonces<\/span>, \u00bfcu\u00e1l<\/span> es<\/span> el problema<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa migraci\u00f3n<\/span> se origina<\/span> a partir<\/span> de la Revoluci\u00f3n<\/span> Industrial. En los \u00faltimos<\/span> 200 a\u00f1os<\/span>, el 85% de la poblaci\u00f3n<\/span> mundial<\/span> ha sido<\/span> migrante<\/span>. Nos encontramos<\/span>, por<\/span> tanto<\/span>, ante un fen\u00f3meno<\/span> general que<\/span> se ha producido<\/span> de forma constante<\/span> durante<\/span> las<\/span> \u00faltimas<\/span> d\u00e9cadas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tSin embargo, el problema<\/span> de migraci\u00f3n<\/span>, como<\/span> tal<\/span>, se determina<\/span> a partir<\/span> de la globalizaci\u00f3n<\/span> y el neoliberalismo<\/span>. Estos<\/span> movimientos<\/span> instauran<\/span> la idea generalizada<\/span> de que<\/span> todo<\/span> debe<\/span> circular para<\/span> que<\/span> no haya<\/span> competencia<\/span>. El capital, por<\/span> supuesto<\/span>, debe<\/span> circular para<\/span> obtener<\/span> rentabilidad<\/span>, pero<\/span> las<\/span> personas no.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tNos encontramos<\/span> ante una<\/span> contradicci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> propone la movilidad<\/span> del capital e impide<\/span>, al mismo<\/span> tiempo<\/span>, la movilidad<\/span> de personas afectadas<\/span> por<\/span> ese<\/span> flujo<\/span> de capital. Es<\/span> entonces<\/span> cuando<\/span> se plantea<\/span> el problema<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tUn problema<\/span> para<\/span> esas<\/span> personas, trabajadores<\/span>, que<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> amarrados<\/span> a tierra<\/span>, y que<\/span> deben<\/span> asumir<\/span> las<\/span> consecuencias<\/span> de la movilidad<\/span> del capital. Consecuencias<\/span> como<\/span> las<\/span> que<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> viviendo<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span>, ya<\/span> sea el paro<\/span>, la reducci\u00f3n<\/span> de salario<\/span> o la precariedad<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEn este<\/span> punto<\/span> se plantea<\/span> un problema<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span>, un enfrentamiento<\/span>. Un problema<\/span> fomentado<\/span> por<\/span> pol\u00edticos<\/span>, e incluso<\/span>, sindicatos<\/span>, que<\/span> anuncian<\/span> a su<\/span> poblaci\u00f3n<\/span>, a sus<\/span> trabajadores<\/span>, amarrados<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> a tierra<\/span>, la llegada<\/span> de otras<\/span> personas, inmigrantes<\/span>, que<\/span> vienen<\/span> a quitarles<\/span> el trabajo<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tA lo largo de los \u00faltimos<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span>, Espa\u00f1a<\/span> ha sido<\/span> uno<\/span> de los pa\u00edses<\/span> que<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> inmigrantes<\/span> ha recibido<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa situaci\u00f3n<\/span> general, en 2010, posicionaba<\/span> a EEUU<\/span> como<\/span> el pa\u00eds<\/span> con m\u00e1s<\/span> migrantes<\/span>, con 42 millones<\/span>. Por<\/span> debajo<\/span> se encuentra<\/span> Rusia<\/span>, posiblemente<\/span> ocasionado<\/span> por<\/span> la divisi\u00f3n<\/span> de la antigua<\/span> Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Sovi\u00e9tica<\/span>, seguida<\/span> de Alemania<\/span> y Arabia Saud\u00ed<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEstos<\/span> datos<\/span> ponen<\/span> de manifiesto<\/span>, una<\/span> vez<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span>, que<\/span> el problema<\/span> de migraci\u00f3n<\/span> no s\u00f3lo<\/span> se da<\/span> en Europa<\/span>. Es<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span>, dentro<\/span> de Europa<\/span>, los datos<\/span> registrados<\/span> de migraci\u00f3n<\/span>, comparados<\/span> con los anteriores<\/span>, son m\u00ednimos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tCon respecto<\/span> a la poblaci\u00f3n<\/span> del pa\u00eds<\/span> de recepci\u00f3n<\/span>, los migrantes<\/span> registrados<\/span> en Europa<\/span> rondan<\/span> el 10% de media, una<\/span> cantidad<\/span> casi<\/span> inapreciable<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEn Espa\u00f1a<\/span>, la migraci\u00f3n<\/span> es<\/span> un fen\u00f3meno<\/span> minoritario<\/span>, que<\/span> no ser\u00eda<\/span> importante<\/span> si<\/span> los gobernantes<\/span> no le quisieran<\/span> dar<\/span> una<\/span> enorme<\/span> importancia<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tA pesar<\/span> de que<\/span> sea una<\/span> cifra<\/span> minoritaria<\/span> con respecto<\/span> a otros<\/span> pa\u00edses<\/span>, es<\/span> cierto<\/span> que<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> se ha convertido<\/span> en un punto<\/span> de destino<\/span> para<\/span> los inmigrantes<\/span>, \u00bfa qu\u00e9<\/span> se debe<\/span> este<\/span> flujo<\/span> de personas?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLos migrantes<\/span> que<\/span> llegan<\/span> a Espa\u00f1a<\/span> proceden<\/span> de distintos<\/span> lugares<\/span>, por<\/span> lo que<\/span> cada<\/span> uno<\/span> puede<\/span> moverse<\/span> por<\/span> uno<\/span> u otro<\/span> motivo<\/span>. Generalmente<\/span>, las<\/span> personas que<\/span> emigran<\/span> a Espa\u00f1a<\/span> lo hacen<\/span> buscando<\/span> unas<\/span> mejores<\/span> condiciones<\/span> econ\u00f3micas<\/span>, aunque<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> se registra<\/span> un gran<\/span> n\u00famero<\/span> de inmigrantes<\/span> que<\/span> huyen<\/span> de conflictos<\/span> militares<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa b\u00fasqueda<\/span> de mejores<\/span> condiciones<\/span> econ\u00f3micas<\/span> no es<\/span> un sueldo<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> alto, y mucho<\/span> menos<\/span> la Seguridad<\/span> Social, principalmente<\/span> porque<\/span> no tienen<\/span> ni<\/span> idea de qu\u00e9<\/span> es<\/span> la Seguridad<\/span> Social, para<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> sirve<\/span> ni<\/span> c\u00f3mo<\/span> usarla<\/span>. En la mayor\u00eda<\/span> de los casos<\/span> se trata<\/span> de la b\u00fasqueda<\/span> de la supervivencia<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tY esta<\/span> b\u00fasqueda<\/span> tiene<\/span> unos<\/span> factores<\/span> causantes<\/span>, que<\/span> nunca<\/span> se exponen<\/span>, porque<\/span> s\u00f3lo<\/span> o\u00edmos<\/span> las<\/span> consecuencias<\/span>, no las<\/span> causas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfCu\u00e1les<\/span> son las<\/span> principales<\/span> causas<\/span> de la inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tActualmente<\/span> nos encontramos<\/span> con realidades<\/span> muy<\/span> diferentes<\/span>. La inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span> se debe<\/span>, en parte<\/span>, a la huida<\/span> de conflictos<\/span> militares<\/span> como<\/span> los que<\/span> tienen<\/span> lugar<\/span> ahora<\/span> mismo<\/span> en las<\/span> fronteras<\/span> europeas<\/span>, en Siria<\/span>, en Palestina<\/span> o en el Sahel<\/span>. Esos<\/span> conflictos<\/span>, a su<\/span> vez<\/span>, tambi\u00e9n<\/span> tienen<\/span> causas<\/span>, y causantes<\/span>, porque<\/span> Francia<\/span> no ha dejado<\/span> de tener<\/span> guerras<\/span> ni<\/span> de vender armas<\/span> en el Sahel<\/span>, y la intervenci\u00f3n<\/span> Sarkozy<\/span> dej\u00f3<\/span> a Libia<\/span> destrozada<\/span>, por<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa econom\u00eda<\/span>, o la supervivencia<\/span>, como<\/span> dec\u00eda<\/span> antes, es<\/span> otra<\/span> de las<\/span> causas<\/span>. Nigeria y Senegal son dos de los pa\u00edses<\/span> que<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> gente<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> expulsando<\/span> ahora<\/span> mismo<\/span>. En estos<\/span> casos<\/span> es<\/span> muy<\/span> com\u00fan<\/span> o\u00edr<\/span> hablar<\/span> de pirater\u00eda<\/span> y de gente<\/span> que<\/span> se lanza<\/span> al mar en pateras<\/span>, cayucos<\/span> o lanchas<\/span> de juguete<\/span>, como<\/span> ahora<\/span>, pero<\/span> no se explica<\/span> el robo<\/span> absoluto<\/span> de pescado<\/span> que<\/span> China y otros<\/span> pa\u00edses<\/span> llevan<\/span> a cabo<\/span> en las<\/span> costas<\/span> africanas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde<\/span> provienen<\/span> los inmigrantes<\/span> que<\/span> llegan<\/span> a las<\/span> costas<\/span> espa\u00f1olas<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLas personas que<\/span> llegan<\/span> a las<\/span> costas<\/span> espa\u00f1olas<\/span> lo hacen<\/span> por<\/span> distintas<\/span> rutas<\/span> del Mediterr\u00e1neo<\/span>. Seg\u00fan<\/span> los \u00faltimos<\/span> datos<\/span> de Frontex<\/span>, relativos<\/span> al a\u00f1o<\/span> 2013, la Ruta<\/span> Oeste<\/span> del Mediterr\u00e1neo<\/span>, donde<\/span> se encuentra<\/span> la valla<\/span> de Melilla<\/span>, alberga<\/span> a 6.838 inmigrantes<\/span> procedentes<\/span> de Mali, de Nigeria y de Argelia<\/span>, principalmente<\/span>, adem\u00e1s<\/span> del Sahara del Sur.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa Ruta<\/span> Central del Mediterr\u00e1neo<\/span> cuenta<\/span> con un \u00edndice<\/span> mayor, 40.304 personas, procedentes<\/span> de Siria<\/span>, Somalia y Sud\u00e1n<\/span> del Sur, donde<\/span> tiene<\/span> un importante<\/span> peso la guerra<\/span> de Eritrea.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfQu\u00e9<\/span> papel<\/span> juegan<\/span> las<\/span> mafias<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa acci\u00f3n<\/span> de las<\/span> mafias<\/span> en la inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span> es<\/span> relativamente<\/span> reciente<\/span>, de los a\u00f1os<\/span> 90, y poco<\/span> relevante<\/span> en sus<\/span> inicios<\/span>. Una<\/span> encuesta<\/span> oficial<\/span> publicada<\/span> entre<\/span> el a\u00f1o<\/span> 2006 y 2008 mostr\u00f3<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> mafias<\/span> ten\u00edan<\/span> poco<\/span> que<\/span> ver<\/span> con el flujo<\/span> de personas que<\/span> llegaban<\/span> a las<\/span> costas<\/span> espa\u00f1olas<\/span> en cayucos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tAhora<\/span> la situaci\u00f3n<\/span> ha cambiado<\/span>, y su<\/span> papel<\/span> en la inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span> se ha convertido<\/span> en algo<\/span> casi<\/span> fundamental.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLas mafias<\/span> podr\u00edan<\/span> definirse<\/span> como<\/span> organizaciones<\/span> clientelistas<\/span>, que<\/span> se crean<\/span> en zonas<\/span> marginales<\/span> y degradadas<\/span> en las<\/span> que<\/span> proliferan<\/span> grupos<\/span> migrantes<\/span>, y que<\/span> organizan<\/span> o gestionan<\/span> el traslado<\/span> de esas<\/span> personas mediante<\/span> distintas<\/span> rutas<\/span>, como<\/span> las<\/span> del Mediterr\u00e1neo<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tPor<\/span> definici\u00f3n<\/span>, una<\/span> mafia es<\/span> una<\/span> agrupaci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> surge para<\/span> organizar<\/span> las<\/span> comunidades<\/span> en las<\/span> \u00e1reas<\/span> donde<\/span> el estado<\/span> no gestiona<\/span> las<\/span> necesidades<\/span> b\u00e1sicas<\/span>. Esto<\/span> quiere<\/span> decir<\/span> que<\/span> una<\/span> mafia es<\/span> inevitable all\u00e1<\/span> donde<\/span> el estado<\/span> no act\u00faa<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfEuropa<\/span> puede<\/span> acoger<\/span> a m\u00e1s<\/span> inmigrantes<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tClaro<\/span> que<\/span> puede<\/span>. No es<\/span> cierto<\/span> que<\/span> Europa<\/span> no pueda<\/span> acoger<\/span> a m\u00e1s<\/span> personas, principalmente<\/span> porque<\/span> tenemos<\/span> una<\/span> importante<\/span> ca\u00edda<\/span> demogr\u00e1fica<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEl problema<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span> no hay una<\/span> l\u00ednea<\/span> de actuaci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> asegure<\/span> la integraci\u00f3n<\/span> de esas<\/span> personas. Lo ideal ser\u00eda<\/span> crear<\/span> una<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> de migraci\u00f3n<\/span> y educaci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> se aplicara<\/span> a esa<\/span> gente<\/span> que<\/span> viene<\/span>, y que<\/span> garantizara<\/span> la formaci\u00f3n<\/span> de esas<\/span> personas para<\/span> que<\/span> puedan<\/span> hallar<\/span> un puesto<\/span> de trabajo<\/span> y resulten<\/span> rentables<\/span> para<\/span> el pa\u00eds<\/span>, como<\/span> el resto<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfLa inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span> supone<\/span> una<\/span> amenaza<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tNo es<\/span> una<\/span> amenaza<\/span>, ni<\/span> un fen\u00f3meno<\/span> preocupante<\/span>. Yo<\/span> apuesto<\/span> por<\/span> una<\/span> visi\u00f3n<\/span> positiva<\/span>, optimista<\/span>. La migraci\u00f3n<\/span> es<\/span> un fen\u00f3meno<\/span> social y pol\u00edtico<\/span> que<\/span> puede<\/span> aportar<\/span> mucho<\/span> a las<\/span> sociedades<\/span>, y que<\/span> se puede<\/span> aprovechar<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfPor<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> entonces<\/span> existe<\/span> el rechazo<\/span> y el miedo<\/span> a los inmigrantes<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tPorque<\/span> el miedo<\/span> tiene<\/span> una<\/span> rentabilidad<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> estupenda<\/span>. Marine Le Pen y muchos<\/span> otros<\/span> generan<\/span> discursos<\/span> ‘malistas’<\/span> y populistas<\/span>, que<\/span> fomentan<\/span> estos<\/span> sentimientos<\/span>, pero<\/span> la \u00fanica<\/span> forma de combatir<\/span> ese<\/span> miedo<\/span> es<\/span> perder<\/span> el miedo<\/span> a analizar<\/span> sus<\/span> discursos<\/span>, a comparar<\/span> las<\/span> cifras<\/span> y a verificar<\/span> la aut\u00e9ntica<\/span> gravedad<\/span> del asunto<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tNuestros<\/span> servicios<\/span> sociales<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> en peligro<\/span>, dicen<\/span>. No est\u00e1n<\/span> en peligro<\/span> por<\/span> los inmigrantes<\/span>, los servicios<\/span> sociales<\/span> peligran<\/span> porque<\/span> los neoliberales<\/span> nos los quieren<\/span> quitar<\/span>. Pero<\/span> si<\/span> enlazas<\/span> ese<\/span> discurso<\/span> con los inmigrantes<\/span>, encuentras<\/span> un resultado<\/span> estupendo<\/span> que<\/span> oculta<\/span> el motivo<\/span> y desv\u00eda<\/span> la mirada<\/span> hacia<\/span> otro<\/span> foco<\/span> de atenci\u00f3n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa disminuci\u00f3n<\/span> de vigilancia<\/span> por<\/span> parte<\/span> de Marruecos<\/span> se apunta<\/span> como<\/span> una<\/span> de las<\/span> causas<\/span> de las<\/span> \u00faltimas<\/span> llegadas<\/span> de inmigrantes<\/span> por<\/span> el Estrecho<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tMarruecos<\/span> utiliza<\/span> y ha utilizado<\/span> siempre<\/span> la migraci\u00f3n<\/span> como<\/span> m\u00e9todo<\/span> de presi\u00f3n<\/span> a Espa\u00f1a<\/span>. Ceuta<\/span> y Melilla<\/span> no es<\/span> que<\/span> sea de mucho<\/span> agrado<\/span> para<\/span> el pa\u00eds<\/span>, entre<\/span> otras<\/span> cosas<\/span>, y posiblemente<\/span> si<\/span> estas<\/span> zonas<\/span> pertenecieran<\/span> a Marruecos<\/span>, la situaci\u00f3n<\/span> ser\u00eda<\/span> distinta<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0Aun<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span>, Marruecos<\/span> tiene<\/span> una<\/span> gran<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> de actuaci\u00f3n<\/span> relativa<\/span> a migraci\u00f3n<\/span>, y se est\u00e1<\/span> convirtiendo<\/span> en un pa\u00eds<\/span> fuerte<\/span> que<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> recibiendo<\/span> a muchos<\/span> migrantes<\/span>, desarrollando<\/span> adem\u00e1s<\/span> una<\/span> labor de filtro<\/span> que<\/span> contiene<\/span> o regula<\/span> el paso<\/span> hacia<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEs<\/span> posible<\/span> que<\/span> ahora<\/span> Marruecos<\/span> tome el control de nuevo<\/span> y las<\/span> cifras<\/span> vuelvan<\/span> a reducirse<\/span>, pero<\/span> para<\/span> ello<\/span> habr\u00e1<\/span> que<\/span> desarrollar<\/span> una<\/span> buena<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> de exteriores<\/span> con ellos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfExiste<\/span> una<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> de inmigraci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> gestione<\/span> el flujo<\/span> de personas?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEse<\/span> es<\/span> el problema<\/span>, que<\/span> Europa<\/span> no tiene<\/span> una<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> de migraci\u00f3n<\/span>, sino<\/span> que<\/span> cada<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span> hace<\/span> y dice una<\/span> cosa<\/span>. Europa<\/span> tiene<\/span> Comisi\u00f3n<\/span> Barroso<\/span>, que<\/span> reparte<\/span> en cinco<\/span> comisar\u00edas<\/span> las<\/span> competencias<\/span> relativas<\/span> a migraci\u00f3n<\/span>. Dichas<\/span> competencias<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> depositadas<\/span> en la Comisar\u00eda<\/span> de Justicia<\/span>, de Ciudadan\u00eda<\/span>, de Cooperaci\u00f3n<\/span> Internacional<\/span>, de Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Aduanera<\/span> y de Interior.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEsta<\/span> divisi\u00f3n<\/span> y falta<\/span> de unidad<\/span> hace<\/span> que<\/span> cada<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span> instaure<\/span> ciertas<\/span> medidas<\/span> y normas<\/span> respecto<\/span> a un mismo<\/span> tema<\/span>, que<\/span> son intencionales<\/span>, independientes<\/span> y, en ocasiones<\/span>, contradictorias<\/span> con la pol\u00edtica<\/span> que<\/span> siguen<\/span> los otros<\/span> pa\u00edses<\/span> de la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEsta<\/span> situaci\u00f3n<\/span> pone de manifiesto<\/span> la absoluta<\/span> necesidad<\/span> de crear<\/span> un Consejero<\/span> Europeo<\/span> de Migraci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> unifique<\/span> las<\/span> pol\u00edticas<\/span> migratorias<\/span> por<\/span> las<\/span> que<\/span> deben<\/span> regirse<\/span> el resto<\/span> de pa\u00edses<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tMientras<\/span> sigamos<\/span> sin Comisario<\/span>, mientras<\/span> sigamos<\/span> sin desmontar<\/span> los argumentos<\/span> que<\/span> plantean<\/span> aquellos<\/span> que<\/span> hablan<\/span> de los inmigrantes<\/span> como<\/span> amenaza<\/span> y magnifican<\/span> las<\/span> cifras<\/span> para<\/span> ganar<\/span> votos<\/span> populares<\/span>, como<\/span> Marine Le Pen, ser\u00e1<\/span> imposible<\/span> evitar<\/span> lo sucedido<\/span> en las<\/span> vallas<\/span> y solucionar<\/span> que<\/span> estas<\/span> personas est\u00e9n<\/span> aumentando<\/span>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Durante el pasado 11 y 12 de agosto, las costas gaditanas recibieron a casi 1.100 inmigrantes procedentes de 78 embarcaciones interceptadas por la Guardia Civil y Salvamento Mar\u00edtimo en el Estrecho. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-estado-espanol"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cS\u00f3lo o\u00edmos las consecuencias, no las causas\u201d - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/solo-oimos-las-consecuencias-no-las-causas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cS\u00f3lo o\u00edmos las consecuencias, no las causas\u201d - 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