{"id":5736,"date":"2014-08-02T09:14:34","date_gmt":"2014-08-02T09:14:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/comparo-el-origen-de-israel-con-el-de-un-nino-que-nace-a-raiz-de-una-violacion\/"},"modified":"2014-08-02T09:14:34","modified_gmt":"2014-08-02T09:14:34","slug":"comparo-el-origen-de-israel-con-el-de-un-nino-que-nace-a-raiz-de-una-violacion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/comparo-el-origen-de-israel-con-el-de-un-nino-que-nace-a-raiz-de-una-violacion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cComparo el origen de Israel con el de un ni\u00f1o que nace a ra\u00edz de una violaci\u00f3n\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\"alt\"El historiador<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span> Shlomo<\/span> Sand niega<\/span> que<\/span> Israel tenga<\/span> la voluntad<\/span> sincera<\/span> de acabar<\/span> con el conflicto<\/span> mediante<\/span> una<\/span> paz<\/span> justa<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\tEl historiador<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span> Shlomo<\/span> Sand niega<\/span> que<\/span> Israel tenga<\/span> la voluntad<\/span> sincera<\/span> de acabar<\/span> con el conflicto<\/span> mediante<\/span> una<\/span> paz<\/span> justa<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\t\"alt\"\u00bfIsrael se fund\u00f3<\/span> sobre<\/span> principios<\/span> democr\u00e1ticos<\/span>? \u00bfPuede<\/span> justificarse<\/span> la existencia<\/span> de Israel a partir<\/span> de antiguos<\/span> derechos<\/span> hist\u00f3ricos<\/span>? \u00bfIsrael se defiende<\/span> de Hamas? \u00bfIsrael quiere<\/span> realmente<\/span> la paz<\/span>? Son preguntas<\/span> que<\/span> atentan<\/span> contra consignas<\/span> oficiales<\/span> ampliamente<\/span> difundidas<\/span> en Occidente<\/span>, y a las<\/span> que<\/span> da<\/span> respuesta<\/span> uno<\/span> de los intelectuales<\/span> israel\u00edes<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> controvertidos<\/span>: el historiador<\/span> Shlomo<\/span> Sand<\/strong> (Linz<\/span>, Austria, 1946), profesor<\/span> em\u00e9rito<\/span> de la Universidad de Tel Aviv. Hijo<\/span> de jud\u00edos<\/span> polacos<\/span>, supervivientes<\/span> del Holocausto<\/span>; veterano<\/span> de la Guerra de los Seis<\/span> D\u00edas<\/span> (1967) y autor<\/span> del pol\u00e9mico<\/span> ensayo<\/span> C\u00f3mo<\/span> y cu\u00e1ndo<\/span> se invento<\/span> el pueblo jud\u00edo<\/span><\/em> (2008), Sand demuestra<\/span> con su<\/span> an\u00e1lisis<\/span> que<\/span> pueden<\/span> mantenerse<\/span> posiciones<\/span> reflexivas<\/span> y tolerantes<\/span> aun<\/span> en los momentos<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> dif\u00edciles<\/span> de tan largo y sangriento<\/span> conflicto<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tPregunta<\/span>: Fuera<\/span> de Israel, muchas<\/span> personas se preguntan<\/span> cu\u00e1les<\/span> son los obst\u00e1culos<\/span> que<\/span> impiden<\/span> la creaci\u00f3n<\/span> de un Estado<\/span> muticonfesional<\/span>, con capital en Jerusal\u00e9n<\/span>. Pero<\/span>, en Israel, parece<\/span> que<\/span> nadie<\/span> respalda<\/span> esta<\/span> opci\u00f3n<\/span>. \u00bfExiste<\/span> una<\/span> corriente<\/span> palestina<\/span> favorable a esta<\/span> soluci\u00f3n<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tShlomo<\/span> Sand:<\/strong>Hace<\/span> ciento<\/span> treinta<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span>, la poblaci\u00f3n<\/span> \u00e1rabe<\/span> ocupaba<\/span> toda<\/span> Palestina<\/span>. En ese<\/span> tiempo<\/span>, \u00bfqu\u00e9<\/span> hemos<\/span> hecho<\/span> los jud\u00edos<\/span>? Confinar<\/span> a los \u00e1rabes<\/span> en dos reservas<\/span> indias<\/span>, una<\/span> hostil<\/span> (la Franja<\/span> de Gaza) y otra<\/span> por<\/span> el momento<\/span> relativamente<\/span> amistosa<\/span> (Cisjordania<\/span>). Hemos<\/span> negado<\/span> a ese<\/span> pueblo su<\/span> existencia<\/span> como<\/span> naci\u00f3n<\/span> y su<\/span> derecho<\/span> a crear<\/span> una<\/span> entidad<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span>. Ese<\/span> es<\/span>, seguramente<\/span>, uno<\/span> de los mayores<\/span> obst\u00e1culos<\/span> para<\/span> la paz<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tLa soluci\u00f3n<\/span> de un Estado<\/span> \u00fanico<\/span> tiene<\/span> una<\/span> justificaci\u00f3n<\/span> moral evidente<\/span>, pero<\/span> no una<\/span> viabilidad<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span>. Despu\u00e9s<\/span> de tantos<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> de ocupaci\u00f3n<\/span> y guerra<\/span> (se trata<\/span> del conflicto<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> largo de la historia<\/span> contempor\u00e1nea<\/span>), no creo<\/span> en la posibilidad<\/span> de un solo Estado<\/span>. Me parece<\/span> una<\/span> propuesta<\/span> infantil<\/span>, sobre<\/span> todo<\/span> porque<\/span> Israel es<\/span> la sociedad<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> racista<\/span> del mundo<\/span> occidental. A mi entender<\/span>, la soluci\u00f3n<\/span> estriba<\/span> en dos estados<\/span> con las<\/span> fronteras<\/span> de 1967, uno<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span> –no espec\u00edficamente<\/span> jud\u00edo<\/span>, sino<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span>, de todos<\/span> sus<\/span> ciudadanos–<\/span> y otro<\/span> palestino<\/span>. Adem\u00e1s<\/span>, creo<\/span> que<\/span> ambos<\/span> estados<\/span> deber\u00edan<\/span> unirse<\/span> en una<\/span> confederaci\u00f3n<\/span>, al cabo<\/span> de cierto<\/span> tiempo<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tAnta\u00f1o<\/span>, la izquierda<\/span> radical palestina<\/span> abogaba<\/span> por<\/span> un solo Estado<\/span>, pero<\/span> actualmente<\/span> esta<\/span> facci\u00f3n<\/span> ocupa<\/span> una<\/span> posici\u00f3n<\/span> totalmente<\/span> marginal entre<\/span> las<\/span> fuerzas<\/span> pol\u00edticas<\/span> palestinas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tIsrael fue<\/span> creado<\/span> seg\u00fan<\/span> los principios<\/span> democr\u00e1ticos<\/span> occidentales<\/span>. Sin embargo, los ciudadanos<\/span> \u00e1rabes<\/span> israel\u00edes<\/span> han<\/span> denunciado<\/span> en muchas<\/span> ocasiones<\/span> la vigencia<\/span> de leyes<\/span> \u00e9tnicas<\/span> discriminatorias<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tIsrael no se fund\u00f3<\/span> sobre<\/span> los principios<\/span> pol\u00edticos<\/span> democr\u00e1ticos<\/span> al uso<\/span> en Occidente<\/span>. Es<\/span> cierto<\/span> que<\/span> la cultura<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span> es<\/span> relativamente<\/span> liberal. Pero<\/span> Israel, desde<\/span> sus<\/span> or\u00edgenes<\/span> se defini\u00f3<\/span> como<\/span> Estado<\/span> jud\u00edo<\/span>, no como<\/span> un Estado<\/span> de ciudadanos<\/span>, jud\u00edos<\/span> y \u00e1rabes<\/span>. \u00bfQu\u00e9<\/span> quiere<\/span> decir<\/span>, en democracia<\/span>, “Estado<\/span><\/span> jud\u00edo<\/span>”? No hay que<\/span> olvidar<\/span> que<\/span> mill\u00f3n<\/span> y medio<\/span> de israel\u00edes<\/span> no son jud\u00edos<\/span>, sino<\/span> \u00e1rabes<\/span>. Me gusta<\/span> poner<\/span> como<\/span> ejemplo<\/span> el conflicto<\/span> entre<\/span> Catalu\u00f1a<\/span> y Espa\u00f1a<\/span>: el Estado<\/span> espa\u00f1ol<\/span> no se define como<\/span> exclusivamente<\/span> castellano<\/span>, admite<\/span> una<\/span> realidad<\/span> cultural catalana<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tYo<\/span> defino<\/span> a Israel como<\/span> una<\/span> etnocracia<\/span> liberal. \u00bfY por<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> liberal? Porque<\/span> ciertamente<\/span> es<\/span> pluralista<\/span>, de otro<\/span> modo<\/span> yo<\/span> no podr\u00eda<\/span> ser<\/span> profesor<\/span> en la Universidad de Tel Aviv.<\/p>\n

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\tEn la l\u00ednea<\/span> argumental<\/span> del fil\u00f3sofo<\/span> y escritor<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span> Yeshayahu<\/span> Leibowitz<\/span> (1903-1994), \u00bfpiensa<\/span> usted<\/span> que<\/span> la ocupaci\u00f3n<\/span> de los territorios<\/span> palestinos<\/span> ha corrompido<\/span> a la sociedad<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tNo estoy<\/span> seguro<\/span> de que<\/span> sea exactamente<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span>. El problema<\/span> radica<\/span> una<\/span> vez<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> en el car\u00e1cter<\/span> etnoc\u00e9ntrico<\/span> del Estado<\/span> jud\u00edo<\/span>. M\u00e1s<\/span> que<\/span> corrompido<\/span>, creo<\/span> que<\/span> el Estado<\/span> se ha vuelto<\/span> cada<\/span> vez<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> c\u00ednico<\/span>, y creo<\/span> que<\/span> la corrupci\u00f3n<\/span> de la sociedad<\/span> se ha hecho<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> visible, pero<\/span> ello<\/span> ocurre<\/span> en la mayor\u00eda<\/span> de los pa\u00edses<\/span> en estos<\/span> primeros<\/span> tiempos<\/span> del siglo<\/span> XXI<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tMuchos<\/span> europeos<\/span> son acusados<\/span> de antisemitas<\/span> cuando<\/span> critican<\/span> la pol\u00edtica<\/span> de ocupaci\u00f3n<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span>, pero<\/span> muchos<\/span> israel\u00edes<\/span> son estigmatizados<\/span> en Europa<\/span> como<\/span> genocidas<\/span> cuando<\/span> defienden<\/span> la existencia<\/span> del Estado<\/span> de Israel, incluso<\/span> si<\/span> defienden<\/span> un di\u00e1logo<\/span> sincero<\/span> con los palestinos<\/span> para<\/span> alcanzar<\/span> un acuerdo<\/span> de paz<\/span> definitivo<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tHay muchos<\/span> israel\u00edes<\/span> que<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> contra la ocupaci\u00f3n<\/span> y la guerra<\/span> actual, tanto<\/span> sionistas<\/span> como<\/span> no sionistas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tA pesar<\/span> de los abusos<\/span> cometidos<\/span>; de la ocupaci\u00f3n<\/span> de los territorios<\/span> palestinos<\/span>, que<\/span> ha sido<\/span> una<\/span> tragedia<\/span>; y de su<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> belicista<\/span>, yo<\/span> defiendo<\/span> la existencia<\/span> de Israel como<\/span> Estado<\/span>. No porque<\/span> le reconozca<\/span> los derechos<\/span> hist\u00f3ricos<\/span> que<\/span> reclama<\/span>, sino<\/span> por<\/span> el solo hecho<\/span> de su<\/span> existencia<\/span>, y tambi\u00e9n<\/span> porque<\/span> cualquier<\/span> intento<\/span> de hacerlo<\/span> desaparecer<\/span> traer\u00e1<\/span> consigo<\/span> nuevas<\/span> tragedias<\/span><\/p>\n

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\tYo<\/span> comparo<\/span> el origen<\/span> de Israel con el de un ni\u00f1o<\/span> que<\/span> nace<\/span> a ra\u00edz<\/span> de una<\/span> violaci\u00f3n<\/span>. Israel nace<\/span> de la violaci\u00f3n<\/span> de la poblaci\u00f3n<\/span> \u00e1rabe<\/span> local, pero<\/span> ya<\/span> no puede<\/span> desaparecer<\/span>. Acabar<\/span> con el conflicto<\/span> obliga<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> al reconocimiento<\/span> de un Estado<\/span> palestino<\/span>, hecho<\/span> que<\/span> Israel s\u00f3lo<\/span> acepta<\/span> con la boca<\/span> peque\u00f1a<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tUn crimen<\/span> abominable, el asesinato<\/span> de tres<\/span> adolescentes<\/span> israel\u00edes<\/span>, dio<\/span> lugar<\/span> a un crimen<\/span> no menos<\/span> repugnante<\/span>, el asesinato<\/span> de un muchacho<\/span> palestino<\/span>. La reacci\u00f3n<\/span> del gobierno<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span> ante el primero<\/span> de estos<\/span> sucesos<\/span> fue<\/span> militar<\/span>, no policial<\/span>, como<\/span> hubiera<\/span> sido<\/span> normal ante actos<\/span> de esta<\/span> naturaleza<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tAnte todo<\/span> debe<\/span> decirse<\/span> que<\/span> Hamas no tuvo<\/span> nada que<\/span> ver<\/span> con el asesinato<\/span> de los tres<\/span> colonos<\/span> israel\u00edes<\/span>. Sin embargo, esa<\/span> fue<\/span> la excusa<\/span> para<\/span> que<\/span> Israel atacara<\/span> nuevamente<\/span> Gaza con toda<\/span> su<\/span> fuerza<\/span> militar<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tPreviamente<\/span> a este<\/span> suceso<\/span>, Israel hab\u00eda<\/span> vuelto<\/span> de detener<\/span> aproximadamente<\/span> a la mitad<\/span> de los activistas<\/span> de Hamas liberados<\/span> en 2011, a cambio<\/span> del sargento<\/span> Guilad<\/span> Shalit<\/span>. Volvi\u00f3<\/span> a arrestarlos<\/span> sin ninguna<\/span> prueba<\/span> contra ellos<\/span>. Era una<\/span> declaraci\u00f3n<\/span> de guerra<\/span> y Hamas no pod\u00eda<\/span> dejar<\/span> de responder.<\/p>\n

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\tHamas me parece<\/span> un r\u00e9gimen<\/span> espantoso<\/span> por<\/span> la islamizaci\u00f3n<\/span> forzada<\/span> de la sociedad<\/span>, pero<\/span> tiene<\/span> motivos<\/span> para<\/span> reaccionar<\/span>, del mismo<\/span> modo<\/span> que<\/span> la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Sovi\u00e9tica<\/span> ten\u00eda<\/span> razones<\/span> para<\/span> defenderse<\/span> de la agresi\u00f3n<\/span> nazi<\/span> en 1941, aunque<\/span> la dictadura<\/span> estaliniana<\/span> fuera<\/span> a\u00fan<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> espantosa<\/span> que<\/span> la de Hamas.<\/p>\n

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\tPor<\/span> otra<\/span> parte<\/span>, me parece<\/span> buena<\/span> se\u00f1al<\/span> que<\/span> Hamas haya<\/span> renunciada<\/span> a las<\/span> acciones<\/span> terroristas<\/span> que<\/span> practic\u00f3<\/span> en el pasado<\/span>, y eso<\/span> a pesar<\/span> de los da\u00f1os<\/span> que<\/span> Israel est\u00e1<\/span> causando<\/span> a la poblaci\u00f3n<\/span> civil de Gaza. Israel ha roto<\/span> todas<\/span> las<\/span> reglas<\/span> del juego<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tLa memoria<\/span> es<\/span> un elemento<\/span> constitutivo<\/span> fundamental de la personalidad<\/span> individual y colectiva<\/span>. Cuando<\/span> hay tanta<\/span> herida<\/span> abierta<\/span> en ambos<\/span> bandos<\/span>, \u00bfes<\/span> posible<\/span> negociar<\/span> y llegar<\/span> a acuerdos<\/span>? \u00bfC\u00f3mo<\/span> pueden<\/span> superarse<\/span> estos<\/span> sentimientos<\/span> enfrentados<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tEstoy<\/span> de acuerdo<\/span> en que<\/span> existe<\/span> la situaci\u00f3n<\/span> sobre<\/span> la que<\/span> me pregunta<\/span>, pero<\/span> usted<\/span> sabe<\/span> que<\/span> la memoria<\/span> no es<\/span> un mecanismo<\/span> autom\u00e1tico<\/span>, sino<\/span> un contenido<\/span> elaborado<\/span>. La memoria<\/span> colectiva<\/span> es<\/span> completamente<\/span> diferente<\/span> de la memoria<\/span> individual, en tanto<\/span> que<\/span> producto<\/span> de la educaci\u00f3n<\/span>; la construyen<\/span> los maestros, los historiadores…<\/span> Si usted<\/span> da<\/span> cr\u00e9dito<\/span> a los libros<\/span> escolares<\/span> de Israel, ver\u00e1<\/span> que<\/span> cualquier<\/span> soldado<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span> puede<\/span> considerarse<\/span> descendiente<\/span> directo<\/span> de los guerreros<\/span> del rey<\/span> David. Muchos<\/span> israel\u00edes<\/span> creen<\/span> que<\/span> su<\/span> historia<\/span> ya<\/span> fue<\/span> escrita<\/span> hace<\/span> tres<\/span> mil a\u00f1os<\/span>. La educaci\u00f3n<\/span> fabrica<\/span> la identidad<\/span> colectiva<\/span> actual. De ella<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> depender\u00e1<\/span> el futuro<\/span>, y por<\/span> ambas<\/span> partes<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tHamas es<\/span> un componente<\/span> esencial<\/span> del movimiento<\/span> palestino<\/span>, pero<\/span>, aparentemente<\/span>, no se presta<\/span> a ning\u00fan<\/span> acuerdo<\/span> con Israel. \u00bfC\u00f3mo<\/span> puede<\/span> solventarse<\/span> esta<\/span> situaci\u00f3n<\/span>? \u00bfHamas aceptar\u00e1<\/span> finalmente<\/span> la existencia<\/span> de Israel?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tEstoy<\/span> seguro<\/span> de que<\/span> Hamas llegar\u00e1<\/span> a aceptar<\/span> la existencia<\/span> del Estado<\/span> de Israel seg\u00fan<\/span> las<\/span> fronteras<\/span> de 1967, al igual<\/span> que<\/span> hizo<\/span> en su<\/span> momento<\/span> la Organizaci\u00f3n<\/span> para<\/span> la Liberaci\u00f3n<\/span> de Palestina<\/span> (OLP<\/span>). Pero<\/span> Israel, a mi entender<\/span>, no quiere<\/span> realmente<\/span> la paz<\/span>, porque<\/span> se niega<\/span> a reconocer<\/span> cualquier<\/span> forma de soberan\u00eda<\/span> palestina<\/span> sobre<\/span> su<\/span> propio<\/span> territorio<\/span>. As\u00ed<\/span> lo mostr\u00f3<\/span> su<\/span> acci\u00f3n<\/span> contra la Flotilla de la Libertad<\/span> (mayo de 2010). Puedo<\/span> entender<\/span> que<\/span> la Marina israel\u00ed<\/span> controlara<\/span> aquellos<\/span> barcos<\/span>, para<\/span> asegurarse<\/span> de que<\/span> no llevaban<\/span> armamento<\/span>, pero<\/span> luego<\/span> deb\u00eda<\/span> haber<\/span> permitido<\/span> que<\/span> la flotilla siguiera<\/span> rumbo<\/span> a Gaza. Acciones<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span> muestran<\/span> que<\/span> Israel representa<\/span> un papel<\/span> teatral<\/span> de falso<\/span> di\u00e1logo<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tYo<\/span> quisiera<\/span> que<\/span> Israel aceptara<\/span> las<\/span> condiciones<\/span> de tregua<\/span> solicitadas<\/span> por<\/span> Hamas, es<\/span> decir<\/span>, el levantamiento<\/span> del bloqueo<\/span> impuesto<\/span> a Gaza. Desde<\/span> hace<\/span> ocho<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span>, Gaza est\u00e1<\/span> completamente<\/span> aislada<\/span> del mundo<\/span>, por<\/span> culpa de Israel y con la complicidad<\/span> actual de Egipto<\/span>. Creo<\/span> que<\/span> es<\/span> un compromiso<\/span> de obligado<\/span> cumplimiento<\/span> para<\/span> construir<\/span> una<\/span> paz<\/span> verdadera<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tMarwan<\/span> Barghouti<\/span>, uno<\/span> de los l\u00edderes<\/span> de la segunda<\/span> Intifada<\/span> palestina<\/span> (200-2005), que<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> preso<\/span> en Israel desde<\/span> 2006, ha sido<\/span> presentado<\/span> en muchas<\/span> ocasiones<\/span> como<\/span> la persona capaz<\/span> de conducir<\/span> un proceso<\/span> de paz<\/span> estable<\/span>. Una<\/span> suerte<\/span> de Mandela palestino<\/span>. \u00bfQu\u00e9<\/span> piensa<\/span> usted<\/span> sobre<\/span> Barghouti<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tNo conozco<\/span> personalmente<\/span> a Barghouti<\/span>, pero<\/span> soy laico<\/span> y estoy<\/span> convencido<\/span> de que<\/span> es<\/span> una<\/span> personalidad<\/span> de futuro<\/span>; espero<\/span> que<\/span> sea un buen<\/span> adversario<\/span> pol\u00edtico<\/span> frente<\/span> a Hamas. Por<\/span> desgracia<\/span>, no tiene<\/span> ning\u00fan<\/span> peso pol\u00edtico<\/span> actualmente<\/span>, debido<\/span> a su<\/span> condici\u00f3n<\/span> de preso<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfCree usted<\/span> que<\/span> asistimos<\/span> a un fortalecimiento<\/span> del integrismo<\/span> religioso<\/span> en ambos<\/span> bandos<\/span>? \u00bfEst\u00e1n<\/span> perdiendo<\/span> protagonismo<\/span> los sectores<\/span> laicos<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tComo les he dicho<\/span>, yo<\/span> soy laico<\/span>. Creo<\/span> que<\/span> unir<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> y religi\u00f3n<\/span> es<\/span> una<\/span> perversi\u00f3n<\/span>, y que<\/span> introducir<\/span> la religi\u00f3n<\/span> en el conflicto<\/span> solo puede<\/span> conducir<\/span> a la cat\u00e1strofe<\/span>. Por<\/span> desgracia<\/span>, el conflicto<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> aumentando<\/span> la influencia<\/span> islamista<\/span> en la sociedad<\/span> palestina<\/span>, del mismo<\/span> modo<\/span> que<\/span> crece<\/span> la influencia<\/span> religiosa<\/span> jud\u00eda<\/span> en la sociedad<\/span> israel\u00ed<\/span>. El principal peligro<\/span> no estriba<\/span> en que<\/span> la gente<\/span> sea religiosa<\/span>, sino<\/span> en que<\/span> lo sea el Estado<\/span>; cuando<\/span> la religi\u00f3n<\/span> desborda<\/span> el \u00e1mbito<\/span> privado<\/span> para<\/span> tener<\/span> una<\/span> dimensi\u00f3n<\/span> nacional<\/span>, el enfrentamiento<\/span> se agudiza<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tSe dice que<\/span> Gaza posee<\/span> yacimientos<\/span> de hidrocarburos<\/span> y que<\/span> Israel se niega<\/span> a ceder<\/span> su<\/span> explotaci\u00f3n<\/span> a los palestinos<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tCreo<\/span> que<\/span> solo son suposiciones<\/span>. La ra\u00edz<\/span> del problema<\/span> de Gaza no es<\/span> material, sino<\/span> ideol\u00f3gica<\/span>, y estriba<\/span> en que<\/span> Israel se niega<\/span> a reconocer<\/span> la existencia<\/span> de una<\/span> naci\u00f3n<\/span> \u00e1rabe<\/span> palestina<\/span>. No quiere<\/span> aceptar<\/span> la evidencia<\/span> de la presencia<\/span> del pueblo palestino<\/span>, y no puede<\/span> soportar<\/span> ninguna<\/span> expresi\u00f3n<\/span> de independencia<\/span> en Palestina<\/span>. Israel no quiere<\/span> la paz<\/span>, pero<\/span> representa<\/span> un papel<\/span> teatral<\/span> de falso<\/span> di\u00e1logo<\/span>, ayudado<\/span> por<\/span> los Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span> y ante la pasividad<\/span> de Europa<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfLos colonos<\/span> jud\u00edos<\/span> de los asentamientos<\/span> cisjordanos<\/span> representan<\/span> un grave obst\u00e1culo<\/span> para<\/span> la soluci\u00f3n<\/span> del conflicto<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLos colonos no deben ser un obst\u00e1culo para la paz. En la Universidad de Tel Aviv hay estudiantes nacidos en los asentamientos que se muestran cr\u00edticos con la ocupaci\u00f3n; sin embargo, sus ra\u00edces est\u00e1n en las colonias.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la soluci\u00f3n? Puesto que creo en la posibilidad de dos estados soberanos pero confederados, del mismo modo que hay \u00e1rabes israel\u00edes, los colonos podr\u00edan quedar en sus asentamientos como ciudadanos palestinos.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfCu\u00e1l<\/span> es<\/span> su<\/span> balance final acerca<\/span> de la situaci\u00f3n<\/span> en que<\/span> se halla<\/span> el conflicto<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tPor supuesto, sigo creyendo en el di\u00e1logo entre palestinos e israel\u00edes. Pero mi visi\u00f3n es muy pesimista en estos momentos. Pienso que el proceso de paz necesita una ayuda exterior; necesitamos que Europa salga de su pasividad, porque el tiempo apremia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El historiador israel\u00ed Shlomo Sand niega que Israel tenga la voluntad sincera de acabar con el conflicto mediante una paz justa. \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-estado-espanol"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cComparo el origen de Israel con el de un ni\u00f1o que nace a ra\u00edz de una violaci\u00f3n\u201d - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/comparo-el-origen-de-israel-con-el-de-un-nino-que-nace-a-raiz-de-una-violacion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cComparo el origen de Israel con el de un ni\u00f1o que nace a ra\u00edz de una violaci\u00f3n\u201d - 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