{"id":5616,"date":"2014-07-07T15:20:38","date_gmt":"2014-07-07T15:20:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/para-abrir-las-fosas-tenemos-todo-lo-necesario-menos-voluntad-politica\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T18:48:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T16:48:13","slug":"para-abrir-las-fosas-tenemos-todo-lo-necesario-menos-voluntad-politica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/para-abrir-las-fosas-tenemos-todo-lo-necesario-menos-voluntad-politica\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cPara abrir las fosas tenemos todo lo necesario, menos voluntad pol\u00edtica\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\"alt\"<\/p>\n

\tEn Barcelona funciona<\/span> el primer Banco<\/span> de ADN<\/span> para<\/span> la identificaci\u00f3n<\/span> de los familiuares<\/span> de desaparecidos<\/span>…<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\tEn Barcelona funciona<\/span> el primer Banco<\/span> de ADN<\/span> para<\/span> la identificaci\u00f3n<\/span> de los familiares<\/span> de desaparecidos<\/span> durante<\/span> la Guerra Civil y la dictadura<\/span> franquista<\/span>. Impulsado<\/span> por<\/span> dos bisnietos<\/span> de combatientes<\/span> republicanos<\/span> y con el apoyo<\/span> de la Universidad de Barcelona, este<\/span> equipo<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> llevando<\/span> a cabo<\/span> la misi\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> el Gobierno<\/span> espa\u00f1ol<\/span> nunca<\/span> quiso<\/span> emprender<\/span>: la recuperaci\u00f3n<\/span> de la dignidad<\/span> y la memoria<\/span> hist\u00f3rica<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tMientras<\/span> que<\/span> en Kosovo se identifican<\/span> hasta<\/span> mil cad\u00e1veres<\/span> por<\/span> ADN<\/span> cada<\/span> a\u00f1o<\/span> y en Guatemala el propio<\/span> gobierno<\/span> obliga<\/span> a los organismos<\/span> sanitarios<\/span> a buscar<\/span> el ADN<\/span> de las<\/span> v\u00edctimas<\/span> de sus<\/span> cr\u00edmenes<\/span> de Estado<\/span>, Espa\u00f1a<\/span> sigue<\/span> siendo<\/span> el segundo<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span> en el mundo<\/span> con m\u00e1s<\/span> fosas<\/span> comunes<\/span> sin abrir<\/span>, despu\u00e9s<\/span> de Camboya<\/span>. Estos<\/span> datos<\/span>, publicados<\/span> por<\/span> la ONU<\/span> tras<\/span> la visita<\/span> de dos emisarios<\/span> en septiembre<\/span> de 2013 y enero<\/span> de 2014, hablan<\/span> por<\/span> s\u00ed<\/span> solos. La memoria<\/span> hist\u00f3rica<\/span> no figura<\/span> en la agenda pol\u00edtica<\/span> de este<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tSin embargo, desde<\/span> la sociedad<\/span> civil cada<\/span> vez<\/span> es<\/span> mayor el inter\u00e9s<\/span> por<\/span> descorrer<\/span> el manto<\/span> de olvido<\/span> con el que<\/span> se ha querido<\/span> sepultar<\/span> todo<\/span> lo ocurrido<\/span> durante<\/span> la Guerra civil y los cuarenta<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> de dictadura<\/span> franquista<\/span>. Uno de los ejemplos<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> destacados<\/span> puede<\/span> verse en Barcelona, donde<\/span> funciona<\/span> el \u00fanico<\/span> banco<\/span> de ADN<\/span> para<\/span> la identificaci\u00f3n<\/span> de los familiares<\/span> desaparecidos<\/span> en la Guerra civil que<\/span> existe<\/span> en el Estado<\/span> espa\u00f1ol<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tA ra\u00edz<\/span> del encuentro<\/span> fortuito<\/span> de dos bisnietos<\/span> de combatientes<\/span> republicanos<\/span> que<\/span> asist\u00edan<\/span> a una<\/span> charla<\/span> del Memorial Democr\u00e0tic<\/span> en 2010, se impuls\u00f3<\/span> esta<\/span> iniciativa<\/span> pionera<\/span> que<\/span> busca<\/span> recolectar<\/span> el testimonio<\/span> gen\u00e9tico<\/span> de los familiares<\/span> vivos<\/span> de los desaparecidos<\/span>, antes de que<\/span> sea demasiado<\/span> tarde<\/span>. “Nos dimos<\/span> cuenta<\/span> de que<\/span>, como<\/span> el Gobierno<\/span> no tiene<\/span> ning\u00fan<\/span> plan estipulado<\/span> y con la Ley<\/span> de Memoria<\/span> Hist\u00f3rica<\/span> no hacemos<\/span> nada, si<\/span> no cogemos<\/span> las<\/span> muestras<\/span> de ADN<\/span> r\u00e1pido<\/span>, no quedar\u00e1<\/span> ninguna<\/span> prueba<\/span>, porque<\/span> muchos<\/span> de estos<\/span> familiares<\/span> directos<\/span> se est\u00e1n<\/span> muriendo<\/span>. As\u00ed<\/span> que<\/span> nos pusimos<\/span> a trabajar<\/span> a contrarreloj”<\/span> explica<\/span> Roger Heredia<\/span>, miembro<\/span> del grupo<\/span> de polic\u00eda<\/span> cient\u00edfica<\/span> de los Mossos<\/span> d’Esquadra<\/span> y uno<\/span> de los impulsores<\/span> del banco<\/span> de ADN<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\t“Mi bisabuelo<\/span>, natural de la Torre de l’Espanyol<\/span> (Ribera<\/span> d’Ebre<\/span>) al igual<\/span> que<\/span> yo<\/span>, desapareci\u00f3<\/span> durante<\/span> la Batalla<\/span> del Ebro<\/span> y nunca<\/span> se ha sabido<\/span> nada m\u00e1s<\/span> de \u00e9l<\/span>. Los compa\u00f1eros<\/span> que<\/span> estaban<\/span> con \u00e9l<\/span> en la trinchera<\/span> nos contaron<\/span> que<\/span> cuando<\/span> lo mataron<\/span>, en octubre<\/span> de 1938, vieron<\/span> como<\/span> se lo llevaron<\/span> en una<\/span> camilla<\/span> y es<\/span> eso<\/span> lo \u00faltimo<\/span> que<\/span> sabemos”<\/span> relata<\/span> Roger. Algo<\/span> muy<\/span> similar es<\/span> lo que<\/span> ha vivido<\/span> Marc Antoni<\/span> Malagarriga<\/span>, cuyo<\/span> t\u00edo<\/span> desapareci\u00f3<\/span> en un campo<\/span> de trabajo<\/span> situado<\/span> en La Seu<\/span> D’Urgell<\/span> y, pese<\/span> a haber<\/span> hecho<\/span> todos<\/span> los tr\u00e1mites<\/span> pertinentes<\/span> en la Generalitat<\/span> para<\/span> la investigaci\u00f3n<\/span>, no ha obtenido<\/span> ninguna<\/span> informaci\u00f3n<\/span> acerca<\/span> del paradero<\/span> de su<\/span> familiar.<\/p>\n

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\t\"alt\"<\/p>\n

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\tAs\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0 las<\/span> cosas<\/span>, Roger y Marc se pusieron<\/span> inmediatamente<\/span> en contacto<\/span> con el equipo<\/span> m\u00e9dico<\/span> de gen\u00e9tica<\/span> forense<\/span> de la Universidad de Barcelona, encabezado<\/span> por<\/span> la Dra<\/span>. Carme<\/span> Barrot<\/span>, para<\/span> proponerles<\/span> la creaci\u00f3n<\/span> del Banco<\/span> de ADN<\/span>. La respuesta<\/span> fue<\/span> un s\u00ed<\/span> rotundo<\/span>, a\u00fan<\/span> tras<\/span> reflexionar<\/span> sobre<\/span> los importantes<\/span> obst\u00e1culos<\/span> que<\/span> se encontrar\u00edan<\/span> en el camino<\/span>: el dinero<\/span>, para<\/span> empezar<\/span>. “Cuando<\/span> nos lo plantearon<\/span> lo primero<\/span> que<\/span> pensamos<\/span> fue<\/span> c\u00f3mo<\/span> \u00edbamos<\/span> a financiarlo<\/span> porque<\/span> no est\u00e1<\/span> la situaci\u00f3n<\/span> como<\/span> para<\/span> cargar<\/span> a las<\/span> familias<\/span> con grandes<\/span> gastos<\/span>. Preparar<\/span> el perfil<\/span> de un desaparecido<\/span> ronda<\/span> los 2000 euros<\/span>, as\u00ed<\/span> que<\/span> resolvimos<\/span> no hacer<\/span> eso<\/span> de momento<\/span> sino<\/span> tomar<\/span> la muestra<\/span> de ADN<\/span> – que<\/span> cuesta<\/span> 150 euros<\/span>– y conservar<\/span> el extracto<\/span> seco<\/span> hasta<\/span> que<\/span> podamos<\/span> abrir<\/span> las<\/span> fosas<\/span> y tengamos<\/span> con qu\u00e9<\/span> comparar<\/span>. Ahora<\/span>, coste<\/span> m\u00ednimo<\/span> y asegurar<\/span> la prueba<\/span>. Luego<\/span> ya<\/span> buscaremos<\/span> c\u00f3mo<\/span> lo financiamos”<\/span> explica<\/span> la Dra<\/span>. Carme<\/span> Barrot<\/span>, coordinadora<\/span> del Banco<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tEl dinero<\/span> no tendr\u00eda<\/span> que<\/span> suponer<\/span> ning\u00fan<\/span> problema<\/span> si<\/span> Espa\u00f1a<\/span> cumpliera<\/span> con el tratado<\/span> internacional<\/span> por<\/span> el cual<\/span>, en los pa\u00edses<\/span> donde<\/span> ha habido<\/span> un conflicto<\/span> b\u00e9lico<\/span>, los gobiernos<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> obligados<\/span> a acarrear<\/span> con la identificaci\u00f3n<\/span> de sus<\/span> v\u00edctimas<\/span>. Pero<\/span> la Ley<\/span> de Memoria<\/span> Hist\u00f3rica<\/span> que<\/span> rige<\/span> en el Estado<\/span> espa\u00f1ol<\/span> desde<\/span> 2007 incumple<\/span> este<\/span> pacto<\/span> y dispone<\/span> que<\/span> ser\u00e1n<\/span> las<\/span> propias<\/span> familias<\/span> las<\/span> que<\/span>, a petici\u00f3n<\/span> suya<\/span>, pagando<\/span> la exhumaci\u00f3n<\/span> y encontrando<\/span> la fosa<\/span>, podr\u00e1n<\/span> buscar<\/span> los restos<\/span> de sus<\/span> parientes<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEn Catalunya<\/span> la situaci\u00f3n<\/span> es<\/span> un tanto<\/span> diferente<\/span> porque<\/span>, seg\u00fan<\/span> la Ley<\/span> de Memoria<\/span> catalana<\/span> sancionada<\/span> en el 2009, no ha de ser<\/span> la familia<\/span> la que<\/span> costee<\/span> la apertura<\/span> de la fosa<\/span> sino<\/span> la Administraci\u00f3n<\/span>. Pero<\/span> no todo<\/span> es<\/span> oro<\/span> lo que<\/span> reluce<\/span> y la normativa<\/span>– pese<\/span> a ser<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> avanzada<\/span> que<\/span> la espa\u00f1ola<\/span>– contiene<\/span> entre<\/span> sus<\/span> art\u00edculos<\/span> una<\/span> cl\u00e1usula<\/span> que<\/span> complica<\/span> las<\/span> cosas<\/span>: si<\/span> tan solo uno<\/span> de los familiares<\/span> se niega<\/span>, la fosa<\/span> no puede<\/span> exhumarse<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

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\tAnte el incumplimiento<\/span> sistem\u00e1tico<\/span> del acuerdo<\/span> internacional<\/span> por<\/span> parte<\/span> de Espa\u00f1a<\/span>,\u00a0 las<\/span> asociaciones<\/span> por<\/span> la memoria<\/span> hist\u00f3rica<\/span> de todo<\/span> el pa\u00eds<\/span> consiguieron<\/span> elevar<\/span> la alarma<\/span> a la ONU<\/span> y que<\/span> dos emisarios<\/span> vinieran<\/span>– en septiembre<\/span> del 2013 y enero<\/span> del 2014- a certificar<\/span> la falta<\/span>. Los impulsores<\/span> del Banco<\/span> de ADN<\/span> de Barcelona se reunieron<\/span> con ellos<\/span> y, tras<\/span> obtener<\/span> un informe<\/span> desastroso<\/span> de la ONU<\/span>– “nos dijeron<\/span> que<\/span> en toda<\/span> su<\/span> carrera<\/span> nunca<\/span> hab\u00edan<\/span> visto<\/span> una<\/span> diferencia<\/span> tan grande<\/span> entre<\/span> lo que<\/span> dijo<\/span> que<\/span> hab\u00eda<\/span> hecho<\/span> el gobierno<\/span> y lo que<\/span> le contaron<\/span> las<\/span> familias<\/span> que<\/span>, efectivamente<\/span>, se hizo”<\/span> remarca<\/span> Roger- informaron<\/span> al Parlament<\/span> de Catalunya<\/span> \u00a0de esta<\/span> visita<\/span> y de su<\/span> proyecto<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa presi\u00f3n<\/span> del dedo<\/span> acusador<\/span> de la ONU<\/span> surti\u00f3<\/span> efecto<\/span> y, r\u00e1pidamente<\/span> (diciembre<\/span> del 2013) los diputados<\/span> aprobaron<\/span> con amplia<\/span> mayor\u00eda<\/span> una<\/span> moci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> instaba<\/span> al Gobierno<\/span> catal\u00e1n<\/span> a impulsar<\/span> y divulgar<\/span> el Banco<\/span> de ADN<\/span>; modificar<\/span> la ley<\/span> de fosas<\/span>, porque<\/span> \u00e9sta<\/span> impide<\/span> exhumar<\/span> sistem\u00e1ticamente<\/span>; y actualizar<\/span> el mapa<\/span> oficial<\/span> de fosas<\/span> en Catalunya<\/span>, porque<\/span> solo constan<\/span> 240 y se cree<\/span> que<\/span> existe<\/span> un centenar<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tAhora<\/span> bien<\/span>, el plazo<\/span> que<\/span> el Parlament<\/span> ten\u00eda<\/span> para<\/span> cumplir<\/span> lo formulado<\/span> en la moci\u00f3n<\/span> se acaba<\/span> de vencer<\/span>– a finales de junio<\/span>–\u00a0 y ninguno<\/span> de los puntos<\/span> se ha llevado<\/span> a cabo<\/span>. “El primero<\/span>, que<\/span> era el de la difusi\u00f3n<\/span> del Banco<\/span> de ADN<\/span>, no lo han<\/span> hecho<\/span> porque<\/span> en vez<\/span> de mandar<\/span> un documento<\/span> a las<\/span> familias<\/span> inform\u00e1ndoles<\/span> de nuestra<\/span> existencia<\/span>, les enviaron<\/span> una<\/span> solicitud<\/span> para<\/span> pedir<\/span> informaci\u00f3n<\/span> “sobre<\/span> proyectos<\/span> privados”<\/span>– ni<\/span> siquiera<\/span> nos nombran<\/span>– que<\/span> la gente<\/span> tiene<\/span> que<\/span> reenviar<\/span> a la Generalitat<\/span>. Es<\/span> absurdo”<\/span> se queja<\/span> Roger Heredia<\/span>. De hecho<\/span>, tanto<\/span> \u00e9l<\/span> como<\/span> la Dra<\/span>. Barrot<\/span> denuncian<\/span> que<\/span> el Memorial Democr\u00e0tic<\/span>– organismo<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span> destinado<\/span> especialmente<\/span> a la reconstrucci\u00f3n<\/span> hist\u00f3rica<\/span>– nunca<\/span> les ha querido<\/span> prestar<\/span> atenci\u00f3n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tTampoco<\/span> el Gobierno<\/span> catal\u00e1n<\/span> ha cumplido<\/span> la modificaci\u00f3n<\/span> de la Ley<\/span> de Fosas<\/span> Comunes<\/span> para<\/span> desbloquear<\/span> la exhumaci\u00f3n<\/span> y que<\/span> las<\/span> comparaciones<\/span> del material gen\u00e9tico<\/span> pueda<\/span> llevarse<\/span> a cabo<\/span>, siendo<\/span> que<\/span> en Catalunya<\/span> a d\u00eda<\/span> de hoy<\/span> solo se han<\/span> abierto<\/span> dos- de las<\/span> 240 que<\/span> figuran<\/span> en el mapa<\/span> oficial<\/span>– como<\/span> prueba<\/span> piloto<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\t“Para abrir<\/span> las<\/span> fosas<\/span> tenemos<\/span> todo<\/span> lo necesario<\/span>: acuerdos<\/span> con la UB<\/span>; forenses<\/span>, antrop\u00f3logos<\/span> y arque\u00f3logos<\/span> voluntarios<\/span>; gente<\/span> que<\/span> quiere<\/span> hacer<\/span> tesis<\/span> o pr\u00e1cticas<\/span>; campos<\/span> de trabajo<\/span>. Pero<\/span> lo que<\/span> no hay es<\/span> voluntad<\/span> pol\u00edtica”<\/span> reclama<\/span> la Dra<\/span>. Barrot<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\t\"alt\"<\/p>\n

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\tLa falta<\/span> de apoyo<\/span> gubernamental<\/span> no paraliza<\/span> al equipo<\/span> del banco<\/span> gen\u00e9tico<\/span> que<\/span>, mientras<\/span> espera<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> fosas<\/span> puedan<\/span> abrirse<\/span>, sabe<\/span> que<\/span> hay que<\/span> aprovechar<\/span> al m\u00e1ximo<\/span> el tiempo<\/span>, sobre<\/span> todo<\/span> si<\/span> se tiene<\/span> en cuenta<\/span> que<\/span> se han<\/span> tardado<\/span> setenta<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> en empezar<\/span> a investigar<\/span> este<\/span> cap\u00edtulo<\/span> oscuro<\/span> de la Historia<\/span>. El plan es<\/span> recoger<\/span> el mayor n\u00famero<\/span> posible<\/span> de muestras<\/span> de ADN<\/span>– de momento<\/span> tienen<\/span> treinta<\/span>– principalmente<\/span> de hijos<\/span> directos<\/span> de los desaparecidos<\/span>, porque<\/span> son los familiares<\/span> que<\/span> tienen<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> edad<\/span> (casi<\/span> todos<\/span> rondan<\/span> los 75 a\u00f1os<\/span>), para<\/span> luego<\/span> compararlas<\/span> con las<\/span> de los cuerpos<\/span> que<\/span> se encuentren<\/span> en las<\/span> fosas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tEl siguiente<\/span> paso<\/span> es<\/span> conseguir<\/span> que<\/span> se respete<\/span> lo dispuesto<\/span> por<\/span> los tratados<\/span> internacionales<\/span> en materia<\/span> de Memoria<\/span> hist\u00f3rica<\/span>. “Primero<\/span> vamos<\/span> a intentar<\/span> hablar<\/span> directamente<\/span> con el Presidente<\/span> de Catalunya<\/span> y si<\/span> aqu\u00ed<\/span> no nos hacen<\/span> caso<\/span>, iremos<\/span> con las<\/span> conclusiones<\/span> oficiales<\/span> de los relatores<\/span> de la ONU<\/span> al Tribunal de La Haya<\/span> o a Estrasburgo<\/span>, donde<\/span> sea- asegura<\/span> el impulsor<\/span> del Banco<\/span>– No puede<\/span> ser<\/span> que<\/span>\u00a0 el Gobierno<\/span> haya<\/span> hecho<\/span> una<\/span> inversi\u00f3n<\/span> cero<\/span> y a\u00fan<\/span> se r\u00eda<\/span> de nosotros<\/span> porque<\/span> la parte<\/span> ganadora<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> toda<\/span> identificada<\/span>, descansando<\/span> en los cementerios<\/span> y, en cambio<\/span>, a los perdedores<\/span> hay que<\/span> dejarlos<\/span> como<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> porque<\/span> localizarlos<\/span> es<\/span> reabrir<\/span> heridas<\/span>. Las heridas<\/span> nunca<\/span> se cerraron”<\/span>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 En Barcelona funciona el primer Banco de ADN para la identificaci\u00f3n de los familiuares de desaparecidos… \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-poderes"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cPara abrir las fosas tenemos todo lo necesario, menos voluntad pol\u00edtica\u201d - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/para-abrir-las-fosas-tenemos-todo-lo-necesario-menos-voluntad-politica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cPara abrir las fosas tenemos todo lo necesario, menos voluntad pol\u00edtica\u201d - 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