{"id":4842,"date":"2014-02-22T17:21:44","date_gmt":"2014-02-22T17:21:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/"},"modified":"2014-02-22T17:21:44","modified_gmt":"2014-02-22T17:21:44","slug":"transgenicos-spain-is-different","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/","title":{"rendered":"TRANSG\u00c9NICOS: ‘SPAIN IS DIFFERENT’"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\"alt\"Trasg\u00e9nicos<\/span>, s\u00ed<\/span> o s\u00ed<\/span>. No nos dejan<\/span> opci\u00f3n<\/span>, parece<\/span>. La Comisi\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span> lo impuso<\/span> la semana<\/span> pasada<\/span> cuando<\/span> decidi\u00f3<\/span> aprobar<\/span>, pese<\/span> al rechazo<\/span> de la mayor parte<\/span> de pa\u00edses<\/span> miembros<\/span>, el cultivo<\/span> de un nuevo<\/span> ma\u00edz<\/span> transg\u00e9nico<\/span> en Europa<\/span>:<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tTrasg\u00e9nicos<\/span>, s\u00ed<\/span> o s\u00ed<\/span>. No nos dejan<\/span> opci\u00f3n<\/span>, parece<\/span>. La Comisi\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span> lo impuso<\/span> la semana<\/span> pasada<\/span> cuando<\/span> decidi\u00f3<\/span> aprobar<\/span>, pese<\/span> al rechazo<\/span> de la mayor parte<\/span> de pa\u00edses<\/span> miembros<\/span>, el cultivo<\/span> de un nuevo<\/span> ma\u00edz<\/span> transg\u00e9nico<\/span> en Europa<\/span>: el TC1507<\/span> del grupo<\/span> Pioneer-DuPont. Los votos<\/span> en contra de 19 pa\u00edses<\/span>, de un total de 28, en el Consejo<\/span> de Ministros<\/span> de la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> e incluso<\/span> el rechazo<\/span> mayoritario<\/span> del Parlamento<\/span> Europeo<\/span> de poco<\/span> sirvieron<\/span>. La Comisi\u00f3n<\/span> argument\u00f3<\/span> que<\/span> la mayor\u00eda<\/span> contraria<\/span> alcanzada<\/span> en el Consejo<\/span>, al no ser<\/span> cualificada<\/span>, era insuficiente<\/span> para<\/span> dar<\/span> carpetazo<\/span> a la propuesta<\/span>. As\u00ed<\/span> funciona<\/span> la Comisi\u00f3n<\/span>, que<\/span> usa<\/span> dicho<\/span> mecanismo<\/span> para<\/span> imponer<\/span> medidas<\/span> impopulares<\/span>. \u00bfQui\u00e9n<\/span> manda<\/span> en Europa<\/span>? \u00bfLos ciudadanos<\/span> o los lobbies?<\/strong>
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\"alt\"<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span>, de hecho<\/span>, permite<\/span> ya<\/span> el cultivo<\/span> de transg\u00e9nicos<\/span>. En concreto<\/span>, el del ma\u00edz<\/span> MON810<\/span> de Monsanto. Un ma\u00edz<\/span> modificado<\/span> gen\u00e9ticamente<\/span>, al que<\/span> se le introduce el gen de una<\/span> bacteria que<\/span> le lleva<\/span> a producir<\/span> una<\/span> toxina<\/span>, conocida<\/span> como<\/span> Bt<\/span>, que<\/span> lo hace<\/span> resistente<\/span> al taladro<\/span>, permitiendo<\/span> combatir<\/span> esta<\/span> plaga<\/span>. Sin embargo, muchos<\/span> de los pa\u00edses<\/span> miembros<\/span>, como<\/span> Francia<\/span>, Alemania<\/span>, Austria, Grecia<\/span>, Irlanda<\/span>, Polonia<\/span>, Italia, Hungr\u00eda<\/span>…, lo proh\u00edben<\/span>. Informes<\/span> cient\u00edficos<\/span> advierten<\/span> de su<\/span> impacto<\/span> en el medio<\/span> ambiente<\/span> y se\u00f1alan<\/span> claras<\/span> incertidumbres<\/span> en la salud<\/span>, entre<\/span> otras<\/span> cuestiones<\/span>. Prima, en dichos<\/span> pa\u00edses<\/span>, el principio<\/span> de precauci\u00f3n<\/span>: si<\/span> las<\/span> consecuencias<\/span> de un acto<\/span> pueden<\/span> ser<\/span> negativas<\/span> e irreversibles<\/span>, no se lleva<\/span> a cabo<\/span> hasta<\/span> que<\/span> se adquieran<\/span> los conocimientos<\/span> cient\u00edficos<\/span> necesarios<\/span> para<\/span> evitarlas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tAmistades<\/span> peligrosas<\/span><\/strong>
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tSin embargo, como<\/span> dir\u00edan<\/span> en tiempos<\/span> del general\u00edsimo<\/span> Francisco Franco, \u00abSpain is different\u00bb. El Estado<\/span> espa\u00f1ol<\/span> es<\/span> el \u00fanico<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span> de la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span> que<\/span> cultiva<\/span> ma\u00edz<\/span> transg\u00e9nico<\/span> a gran<\/span> escala<\/span>, sobre<\/span> todo<\/span> en Arag\u00f3n<\/span> y Catalunya<\/span>. Se calcula<\/span> que<\/span> aqu\u00ed<\/span> se siembra<\/span> el 80% de la producci\u00f3n<\/span> de toda<\/span> Europa<\/span>, seg\u00fan<\/span> datos<\/span> de 2009 del Servicio<\/span> Internacional<\/span> de Agrobiotecnolog\u00eda<\/span> (ISAAA<\/span>). Y eso<\/span>, sin tener<\/span> en cuenta<\/span> los campos<\/span> experimentales<\/span>. \u00bfPor<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span>? Su cultivo<\/span> empez\u00f3<\/span> en 1998, bajo<\/span> el gobierno<\/span> de Jos\u00e9<\/span> Mar\u00eda<\/span> Aznar<\/span> y el Partido<\/span> Popular (PP), y con la producci\u00f3n<\/span> de la variedad<\/span> de ma\u00edz<\/span> transg\u00e9nico<\/span> Bt176<\/span> de Sygenta<\/span>, que<\/span> en 2005 fue<\/span> prohibida<\/span> por<\/span> sus<\/span> efectos<\/span> negativos<\/span> en el ecosistema<\/span>. Desde<\/span> entonces<\/span>, la producci\u00f3n<\/span> por<\/span> excelencia<\/span> es<\/span> la de ma\u00edz<\/span> transg\u00e9nico<\/span> MON810<\/span>. Los v\u00ednculos<\/span> estrechos<\/span> entre<\/span> industria<\/span> biotecnol\u00f3gica<\/span>, principal promotora<\/span> de los Organismos<\/span> Gen\u00e9ticamente<\/span> Modificados<\/span> (OGM<\/span>), y las<\/span> instituciones<\/span> p\u00fablicas<\/span> explican<\/span> el porqu\u00e9<\/span>. Amistades<\/span> peligrosas<\/span> para<\/span> el bien<\/span> com\u00fan<\/span>.
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa din\u00e1mica<\/span> de puertas<\/span> giratorias<\/span>, paso<\/span> de la empresa<\/span> privada<\/span> al gobierno<\/span> y viceversa<\/span>, ha estado<\/span> al orden<\/span> del d\u00eda<\/span> tanto<\/span> en las<\/span> administraciones<\/span> del PP como<\/span> del PSOE<\/span>. La actual Secretaria<\/span> de Estado<\/span> de Investigaci\u00f3n<\/span> Desarrollo<\/span> e Innovaci\u00f3n<\/span>, en el Ministerio<\/span> de Econom\u00eda<\/span>, Carmen Vela fue<\/span> presidenta<\/span> de la Sociedad<\/span> Espa\u00f1ola<\/span> de Biotecnolog\u00eda<\/span> (SEBIOT<\/span>), con una<\/span> apuesta<\/span> clara<\/span> por<\/span> los cultivos<\/span> transg\u00e9nicos<\/span>. En el anterior gobierno<\/span> del PSOE<\/span>, Cristina Garmendia<\/span>, ministra<\/span> de Ciencia<\/span> e Innovaci\u00f3n<\/span>, antes de ocupar<\/span> este<\/span> cargo fue<\/span> la presidenta<\/span> de ASEBIO<\/span>, el principal lobby protransg\u00e9nico<\/span> en el Estado<\/span>, con empresas<\/span> como<\/span> Monsanto, Bayer, Pioneer-DuPont entre<\/span> sus<\/span> miembros<\/span>. Queda<\/span> claro<\/span> a quienes<\/span> benefician<\/span> las<\/span> medidas<\/span> que<\/span> se toman<\/span> en dichos<\/span> departamentos<\/span>. Y estos<\/span> no son los \u00fanicos<\/span> ejemplos<\/span>. Hay muchos<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span>, como<\/span> deja<\/span> claro<\/span> el informe<\/span> Las malas<\/span> compa\u00f1\u00edas<\/span>. \u00bfQui\u00e9n<\/span> decide la pol\u00edtica<\/span> del Gobierno<\/span> sobre<\/span> transg\u00e9nicos<\/span>? de Amigos de la Tierra.
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEl Estado<\/span> espa\u00f1ol<\/span>, se ha convertido<\/span> en la puerta<\/span> de entrada<\/span> de los transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> en Europa<\/span>. Incluso<\/span> los cables filtrados<\/span> por<\/span> Wikileaks<\/span> dejaron<\/span> constancia<\/span> de ello<\/span> al destapar<\/span> como<\/span> el Secretario<\/span> de Estado<\/span> de Medio<\/span> Rural Josep<\/span> Puxeu<\/span>, en 2009, lleg\u00f3<\/span> a pedir<\/span> al embajador<\/span> de Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span> que<\/span> \u00abmantuvieran<\/span> la presi\u00f3n<\/span>\u00bb sobre<\/span> la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span> en favor de los OGM<\/span>. La alianza<\/span> entre<\/span> ambas<\/span> administraciones<\/span> es<\/span> clave<\/span> en la defensa<\/span> de los intereses<\/span> de compa\u00f1\u00edas<\/span> como<\/span> Monsanto.<\/p>\n

\tEl gobierno<\/span>, asimismo<\/span>, no escatima<\/span> recursos<\/span> en subvencionar<\/span> la investigaci\u00f3n<\/span> sobre<\/span> cultivos<\/span> y alimentos<\/span> transg\u00e9nicos<\/span>, a la que<\/span> destina<\/span> 60 veces<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> dinero<\/span> que<\/span> al estudio<\/span> sobre<\/span> agricultura<\/span> ecol\u00f3gica<\/span>, a pesar<\/span> de que<\/span> esta<\/span> \u00faltima<\/span> genera 25 veces<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> empleo<\/span> que<\/span> la primera<\/span>, seg\u00fan<\/span> datos<\/span> de Amigos de la Tierra. Y cuando<\/span> se trata<\/span> de dar<\/span> cifras<\/span> sobre<\/span> el n\u00famero<\/span> de hect\u00e1reas<\/span> cultivadas<\/span> no duda<\/span>, a\u00f1o<\/span> tras<\/span> a\u00f1o<\/span>, en anunciar<\/span> \u00abnuevos<\/span> r\u00e9cords<\/span>\u00ab. Aunque<\/span> estas<\/span> cifras<\/span> chocan<\/span> con las<\/span> proporcionadas<\/span> por<\/span> organizaciones<\/span> agrarias<\/span> y ecologistas<\/span>, y obtenidas<\/span> de las<\/span> Comunidades<\/span> Aut\u00f3nomas<\/span>, que<\/span> las<\/span> sit\u00faan<\/span> en niveles<\/span> incluso<\/span> inferiores<\/span> a las<\/span> del 2008, con un total de 70 mil hect\u00e1reas<\/span> cultivadas<\/span> frente<\/span> a las<\/span> 137 mil que<\/span> indica<\/span> el Ministerio<\/span> de Agricultura<\/span>, Alimentaci\u00f3n<\/span> y Medio<\/span> Ambiente<\/span>. Las organizaciones<\/span> acusan<\/span> al gobierno<\/span> de dar<\/span> datos<\/span> falsos<\/span>. El discurso<\/span> anti-transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> parecer\u00eda<\/span> estar<\/span> calando<\/span>, y por<\/span> eso<\/span> se producir\u00edan<\/span> menos<\/span> transg\u00e9nicos<\/span>, muy<\/span> a pesar<\/span> de algunos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\"alt\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tContaminaci\u00f3n<\/span>, abejas<\/span> y m\u00e1s<\/span> herbicidas<\/span><\/strong>
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEl impacto<\/span> de los transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> lo podemos<\/span> situar<\/span> en tres<\/span> niveles<\/span>: sobre<\/span> el medio<\/span> ambiente<\/span>, la salud<\/span> y a nivel<\/span> pol\u00edtico<\/span>.
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa coexistencia<\/span> entre<\/span> cultivos<\/span> transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> y convencionales<\/span> y ecol\u00f3gicos<\/span> se ha demostrado<\/span> imposible<\/span>. A pesar<\/span> de que<\/span> la administraci\u00f3n<\/span> fija<\/span> una<\/span> distancia<\/span> m\u00ednima<\/span> entre<\/span> ambos<\/span>, \u00e9sta<\/span> o resulta<\/span> insuficiente<\/span> o a veces<\/span> incluso<\/span> ni<\/span> se cumple<\/span>. La contaminaci\u00f3n<\/span> se puede<\/span> producir<\/span> en diferentes<\/span> etapas<\/span> de la cadena<\/span>: desde<\/span> la semilla<\/span>, a trav\u00e9s<\/span> de la polinizaci\u00f3n<\/span>, v\u00eda<\/span> el transporte<\/span>, en el almacenaje<\/span> o durante<\/span> el procesado<\/span>. Varios<\/span> casos<\/span> han<\/span> sido<\/span> ya<\/span> denunciados<\/span>. Esta<\/span> situaci\u00f3n<\/span> ha conducido<\/span> al abandono<\/span> del cultivo<\/span> de ma\u00edz<\/span>, en especial el ecol\u00f3gico<\/span>, y diversas<\/span> variedades<\/span> han<\/span> sido<\/span> contaminadas<\/span> sin remedio<\/span>. Entre<\/span> los a\u00f1os<\/span> 2004 y 2005, la producci\u00f3n<\/span> de ma\u00edz<\/span> ecol\u00f3gico<\/span> en el Estado<\/span> espa\u00f1ol<\/span> disminuy\u00f3<\/span> un 42% y en Arag\u00f3n<\/span>, donde<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> se conrean<\/span> transg\u00e9nicos<\/span>, un 69%.
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEl impacto<\/span> especialmente<\/span> en abejas<\/span>, pero<\/span>, tambi\u00e9n<\/span>, en otros<\/span> insectos<\/span> claves<\/span> para<\/span> la polinizaci\u00f3n<\/span> como<\/span> abejorros<\/span>, mariposas, avispas<\/span>… es<\/span> una<\/span> realidad<\/span>. En concreto<\/span>, el ma\u00edz<\/span> transg\u00e9nico<\/span> Bt<\/span> desprende<\/span> una<\/span> toxina<\/span> que<\/span> no solo acaba<\/span> con la plaga<\/span> del taladro<\/span> sino<\/span> que<\/span> en ocasiones<\/span> puede<\/span> afectar<\/span> asimismo<\/span> a estos<\/span> otros<\/span> insectos<\/span>. Desde<\/span> finales de los a\u00f1os<\/span> 90, y como<\/span> indica<\/span> Greenpeace, se ha observado<\/span> un declive<\/span> muy<\/span> importante<\/span> de la poblaci\u00f3n<\/span> de abejas<\/span> a causa<\/span> tanto<\/span> de los cultivos<\/span> transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> como<\/span> del uso<\/span> de plaguicidas<\/span> qu\u00edmicos<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> matan<\/span>. \u00bfSi las<\/span> abejas<\/span> desaparecen<\/span> quien<\/span> polinizar\u00e1<\/span> los cultivos<\/span>?
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLos defensores<\/span> de los transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> afirman<\/span> que<\/span> estos<\/span> reducen<\/span> el uso<\/span> de pesticidas<\/span> qu\u00edmicos<\/span>. Nada m\u00e1s<\/span> lejos<\/span> de la realidad<\/span>. El ma\u00edz<\/span> Bt<\/span>, por<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>, al desprender<\/span> por<\/span> si<\/span> mismo<\/span> una<\/span> toxina<\/span> que<\/span> acaba<\/span> con determinados<\/span> gusanos<\/span> se convierte<\/span> en, lo que<\/span> algunos<\/span> autores<\/span> llaman<\/span>, un \u00abma\u00edz<\/span> insecticida<\/span>\u00ab. Evidentemente<\/span>, no se debe<\/span> de aplicar<\/span> un pesticida<\/span> a dicho<\/span> cultivo<\/span> porqu\u00e9<\/span> la misma<\/span> planta<\/span> ya<\/span> lo desprende<\/span> las<\/span> 24 horas<\/span> del d\u00eda<\/span>. A parte<\/span> hay que<\/span> contar<\/span>, como<\/span> se\u00f1ala<\/span> GRAIN, las<\/span> resistencias<\/span> que<\/span> los gusanos<\/span> pueden<\/span> generar<\/span> con tantas<\/span> toxinas<\/span> en estos<\/span> monocultivos<\/span> y la aparici\u00f3n<\/span>, en consecuencia<\/span>, de plagas<\/span> secundarias<\/span> que<\/span> necesitan<\/span> ser<\/span> tratadas<\/span> con m\u00e1s<\/span> productos<\/span> qu\u00edmicos<\/span>.
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLo mismo<\/span> sucede<\/span> con los transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> tolerantes<\/span> a herbicidas<\/span>, que<\/span> incorporan<\/span> un gen que<\/span> permite<\/span> fumigarlos<\/span> con un solo herbicida<\/span>, de tal<\/span> modo<\/span> que<\/span> la planta<\/span>, al ser<\/span> resistente<\/span> al mismo<\/span>, no se ve<\/span> afectada<\/span> a diferencia<\/span> de todo<\/span> aquello<\/span> que<\/span> la rodea<\/span>. El herbicida<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> utilizado<\/span> es<\/span> el Roundup de la multinacional<\/span> Monsanto, y su<\/span> compuesto<\/span> principal el glifosato<\/span>. La extensi\u00f3n<\/span> a gran<\/span> escala<\/span> de estos<\/span> cultivos<\/span>, en particular la producci\u00f3n<\/span> de soja<\/span> transg\u00e9nica<\/span> a nivel<\/span> mundial<\/span>, ha implicado<\/span> un mayor uso<\/span> de estos<\/span> herbicidas<\/span>. En Argentina, por<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>, treinta<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> atr\u00e1s<\/span> el cultivo<\/span> de soja<\/span> era casi<\/span> inexistente<\/span>, actualmente<\/span>, en cambio<\/span>, m\u00e1s<\/span> de las<\/span> mitad<\/span> de sus<\/span> tierras<\/span> agr\u00edcolas<\/span> son monocultivos<\/span> sojeros<\/span>. Si en 1995, se utilizaban<\/span> ocho<\/span> millones<\/span> de litros<\/span> de glifosato<\/span> para<\/span> dichos<\/span> campos<\/span>, hoy<\/span> suman<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> de 200 millones<\/span>, seg\u00fan<\/span> GRAIN. Saquen<\/span> cuentas<\/span>. A parte<\/span>, la extensi\u00f3n<\/span> masiva<\/span> de este<\/span> cultivo<\/span> ha generado<\/span> la aparici\u00f3n<\/span> de casi<\/span> dos docenas<\/span> de plantas<\/span> resistentes<\/span> a estos<\/span> herbicidas<\/span>. Lo que<\/span> ha obligado<\/span> a usar<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> agrot\u00f3xicos<\/span> para<\/span> combatirlas<\/span>. El caso<\/span> de Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span>, como<\/span> indica<\/span> GRAIN, lo deja<\/span> claro<\/span>: los agricultores<\/span> que<\/span>, en 2011, cultivaron<\/span> sus<\/span> campos<\/span> con semillas<\/span> transg\u00e9nicas<\/span> necesitaron<\/span> un 24% m\u00e1s<\/span> de herbicidas<\/span>, para<\/span> combatir<\/span> las<\/span> \u00abmalas<\/span> hierbas<\/span>\u00bb resistentes<\/span> al mismo<\/span>, que<\/span> quienes<\/span> sembraron<\/span> cultivos<\/span> convencionales<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\"alt\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tSalud en juego<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tOtro<\/span> de los temas<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> controvertidos<\/span> es<\/span> el impacto<\/span> de los transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> en la salud<\/span> de las<\/span> personas. Muchos<\/span> dicen<\/span> que<\/span> son inocuos<\/span>, que<\/span> han<\/span> sido<\/span> suficientemente<\/span> testados<\/span> y que<\/span> no implican<\/span> ning\u00fan<\/span> riesgo<\/span> para<\/span> nuestra<\/span> salud<\/span>. Desde<\/span> administraciones<\/span> p\u00fablicas<\/span> pasando<\/span> por<\/span> departamentos<\/span> universitarios<\/span> hasta<\/span> comit\u00e9s<\/span> cient\u00edficos<\/span> defienden<\/span> dicha<\/span> posici\u00f3n<\/span>. Sin embargo, a menudo<\/span> se obvian<\/span> los intereses<\/span> ocultos<\/span> tras<\/span> dichas<\/span> afirmaciones<\/span>. Los tent\u00e1culos<\/span> de la industria<\/span> biotecnol\u00f3gica<\/span> son muy<\/span> alargados<\/span>. Incluso<\/span> empresas<\/span> como<\/span> Bayer y Syngenta<\/span>, al frente<\/span> de la industria<\/span> transg\u00e9nica<\/span>, cuentan<\/span> ya<\/span> con c\u00e1tedras<\/span> propias<\/span>: la C\u00e1tedra<\/span> Bayer CropScience<\/span> en la Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica<\/span> de Valencia y la C\u00e1tedra<\/span> UAM-Syngenta<\/span> de Fertilizantes<\/span> de Micronutrientes<\/span> en la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma<\/span> de Madrid. Queda<\/span> claro<\/span> a qu\u00e9<\/span> intereses<\/span> responde<\/span> su<\/span> trabajo<\/span>, divulgaci\u00f3n<\/span> e investigaciones<\/span> universitarias<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tInformes<\/span> cient\u00edficos<\/span> independientes<\/span> se\u00f1alan<\/span> el impacto<\/span> negativo<\/span> que<\/span> pueden<\/span> tener<\/span> los transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> en nuestra<\/span> salud<\/span>: nuevas<\/span> alergias<\/span>, resistencia<\/span> a antibi\u00f3ticos<\/span>, disminuci\u00f3n<\/span> de la fertilidad<\/span>, da\u00f1os<\/span> en \u00f3rganos<\/span> internos<\/span>, etc., seg\u00fan<\/span> recoge<\/span> Greenpeace. \u00abLos riesgos<\/span> sanitarios<\/span> a largo plazo<\/span> de los OMG presentes<\/span> en nuestra<\/span> alimentaci\u00f3n<\/span> o en la de los animales<\/span> cuyos<\/span> productos<\/span> consumimos<\/span> no se est\u00e1n<\/span> evaluando<\/span> correctamente<\/span>\u00ab, sentencia<\/span> dicha<\/span> organizaci\u00f3n<\/span>. Tan pronto como<\/span> estos<\/span> informes<\/span> cr\u00edticos<\/span> ven<\/span> la luz<\/span>, m\u00faltiples<\/span> son los intentos<\/span> para<\/span> desacreditarlos<\/span> y difamar<\/span> a sus<\/span> autores<\/span>. Hay muchos<\/span> intereses<\/span> en juego<\/span> por<\/span> parte<\/span> de empresas<\/span> como<\/span> Monsanto, Bayer, DuPont, Syngenta<\/span>. Abundante<\/span> dinero<\/span> a ganar<\/span> o a perder<\/span> en funci\u00f3n<\/span> del dictamen<\/span> de la opini\u00f3n<\/span> p\u00fablica<\/span>. Para estas<\/span> empresas<\/span> se trata<\/span> de una<\/span> \u00abguerra<\/span>\u00bb donde<\/span> todo<\/span> vale. Las campa\u00f1as<\/span> de desprestigio<\/span> a qui\u00e9nes<\/span> ponen<\/span> sus<\/span> verdades<\/span> absolutas<\/span> en cuesti\u00f3n<\/span> es<\/span> buena<\/span> prueba<\/span> de ello<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\tEl caso<\/span> del Dr. Gilles-\u00c9ric<\/span> S\u00e9ralini<\/span>, que<\/span> ha liderado<\/span> uno<\/span> de los estudios<\/span> cr\u00edticos<\/span> con mayor repercusi\u00f3n<\/span> medi\u00e1tica<\/span> a nivel<\/span> internacional<\/span>, ha sido<\/span> tal<\/span> vez<\/span> el mejor<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>. Su equipo<\/span> de investigaci\u00f3n<\/span>, en la Universidad de Caen<\/span>, Francia<\/span>, hizo<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span>, en septiembre<\/span> de 2012, las<\/span> conclusiones<\/span> de una<\/span> investigaci\u00f3n<\/span> cient\u00edfica<\/span> que<\/span> pon\u00eda<\/span> en evidencia<\/span> los efectos<\/span> nocivos<\/span> a largo plazo<\/span> del ma\u00edz<\/span> transg\u00e9nico<\/span> NK603<\/span> y del pesticida<\/span> Roundup en experimentos<\/span> con ratas<\/span>, las<\/span> cuales<\/span> a lo largo del ensayo<\/span> desarrollaron<\/span> enormes<\/span> tumores<\/span> y enfermedades<\/span> renales<\/span> y hep\u00e1ticas<\/span>. La ofensiva<\/span> contra este<\/span> estudio<\/span> no se hizo<\/span> esperar<\/span> e incluso<\/span> la Agencia<\/span> Europea<\/span> de Seguridad<\/span> Alimentaria<\/span> se posicion\u00f3<\/span> en su<\/span> contra, Agencia<\/span>, por<\/span> cierto<\/span>, con v\u00ednculos<\/span> estrechos<\/span> con la industria<\/span> biotecnol\u00f3gica<\/span> y cuya<\/span> independencia<\/span> deja<\/span> mucho<\/span> que<\/span> desear<\/span>. Tambi\u00e9n<\/span>, en noviembre<\/span> de 2013, la revista<\/span> cient\u00edfica<\/span> Food and Chemical Toxicology, que<\/span> hab\u00eda<\/span> divulgado<\/span> dicho<\/span> informe<\/span>, se retract\u00f3<\/span> de su<\/span> publicaci\u00f3n<\/span>. \u00bfCasualidad<\/span>? La organizaci\u00f3n<\/span> GMWatch<\/span> se\u00f1alaba<\/span>, con datos<\/span> esclarecedores<\/span>, la ofensiva<\/span> de la industria<\/span> biotecnol\u00f3gica<\/span> para<\/span> controlar<\/span> estas<\/span> publicaciones<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tM\u00e1s<\/span> all\u00e1<\/span> de estos<\/span> informes<\/span> cient\u00edficos<\/span>, hay, tristemente<\/span>, m\u00faltiples<\/span> evidencias<\/span>, documentadas<\/span> en primera<\/span> persona y en todo<\/span> el mundo<\/span>, del negativo<\/span> impacto<\/span> en la salud<\/span> humana<\/span> del cultivo<\/span> de transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> y el uso<\/span> sistem\u00e1tico<\/span> de herbicidas<\/span> con glifosato<\/span>. La experiencia<\/span> de Sof\u00eda<\/span> Gatica<\/span>, fundadora<\/span> de Madres<\/span> de Ituzaing\u00f3<\/span> y merecedora<\/span> de un Premio<\/span> Nobel Alternativo<\/span>, es<\/span> un buen<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>. Sof\u00eda<\/span> Gatica<\/span> perdi\u00f3<\/span> una<\/span> hija<\/span> no m\u00e1s<\/span> nacer<\/span> a causa<\/span> de una<\/span> repentina<\/span> parada<\/span> de ri\u00f1\u00f3n<\/span>. Un hecho<\/span> que<\/span> la llev\u00f3<\/span> a investigar<\/span> las<\/span> causas<\/span> y descubri\u00f3<\/span> c\u00f3mo<\/span> las<\/span> fumigaciones<\/span> con glifosato<\/span> sobre<\/span> los campos<\/span> sojeros<\/span> alrededor<\/span> de su<\/span> barrio, Ituzaing\u00f3<\/span>, en la ciudad<\/span> de C\u00f3rdoba<\/span>, Argentina, eran<\/span> las<\/span> responsables<\/span>. Su trabajo<\/span>, puerta<\/span> a puerta<\/span>, la llev\u00f3<\/span>, junto<\/span> a otras<\/span> mujeres afectadas<\/span>, a destapar<\/span> decenas<\/span> de casos<\/span> de enfermos<\/span> de c\u00e1ncer<\/span>, malformaciones<\/span> en ni\u00f1os<\/span>, problemas<\/span> respiratorios<\/span> y de ri\u00f1\u00f3n<\/span>, leucemia<\/span>… Un estudio<\/span> epidemiol\u00f3gico<\/span> realizado<\/span> en la zona<\/span> confirm\u00f3<\/span> sus<\/span> temores<\/span>: el agua<\/span> que<\/span> tomaban<\/span> estaba<\/span> contaminada<\/span> con pesticidas<\/span> y numerosos<\/span> ni\u00f1os<\/span> ten\u00edan<\/span> t\u00f3xicos<\/span> en su<\/span> sangre<\/span>. Muchas<\/span> Sof\u00edas<\/span> Gatica<\/span> son las<\/span> que<\/span> sufren<\/span> las<\/span> consecuencias<\/span> de las<\/span> pr\u00e1cticas<\/span> de multinacionales<\/span> como<\/span> Monsanto. Aunque<\/span> el dolor afecte<\/span> a menudo<\/span> a los m\u00e1s<\/span> d\u00e9biles<\/span> es<\/span> imposible<\/span> acallarlo.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tConcentraci\u00f3n empresarial<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tM\u00e1s<\/span> all\u00e1<\/span> del impacto<\/span> en el medio<\/span> ambiente<\/span> y en la salud<\/span>, otro de los efectos<\/span> negativos<\/span> de los transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> se da a nivel<\/span> pol\u00edtico<\/span>, en lo que<\/span> concierne al control de las<\/span> semillas<\/span>, la esencia de la vida, y otros<\/span> insumos agr\u00edcolas<\/span> (la gen\u00e9tica del ganado, los plaguicidas<\/span> y fertilizantes qu\u00edmicos<\/span>, etc.). Hoy, unas pocas multinacionales<\/span> como<\/span> Syngenta<\/span>, Bayer, BASF, Dow, Monsanto y DuPont controlan el 60% de las<\/span> semillas<\/span> que<\/span> se comercializan y el 76% de los agroqu\u00edmicos que<\/span> se aplican a los cultivos<\/span>, como<\/span> indica<\/span> el informe<\/span> Los gigantes gen\u00e9ticos hacen su<\/span> c\u00e1rtel de la caridad del Grupo ETC. Vemos c\u00f3mo<\/span> los mismos que<\/span> hacen negocio patentado las<\/span> simientes son los que<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> se lucran comercializando los pesticidas<\/span> qu\u00edmicos<\/span> que<\/span> se emplean en la agricultura<\/span> \u00abmoderna\u00bb.
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa concentraci\u00f3n empresarial aumenta, y tiene consecuencias<\/span>. Por<\/span> poner un caso<\/span>, el precio de las<\/span> semillas<\/span> en Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span>, entre<\/span> 1994 y 2000, aument\u00f3 m\u00e1s<\/span> que<\/span> cualquier otro insumo agr\u00edcola, doblando su<\/span> costo en relaci\u00f3n al precio que<\/span> los agricultores<\/span> obten\u00edan por<\/span> las<\/span> cosechas, seg\u00fan<\/span> el Grupo ETC. Monsanto, por<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>, es<\/span> la empresa<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> grande de semillas<\/span> del mundo<\/span> y es<\/span> a la vez<\/span> la cuarta mayor productora de pesticidas<\/span>.
\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tAlgunos dir\u00e1n que<\/span> las<\/span> reflexiones aqu\u00ed<\/span> vertidas son tendenciosas, pero<\/span> ser\u00eda bueno recordar que<\/span> el posicionamiento dominante, pol\u00edtico<\/span>, medi\u00e1tico y cient\u00edfico, en relaci\u00f3n a los transg\u00e9nicos<\/span> es<\/span> un discurso<\/span> \u00fanico<\/span> servido en bandeja por<\/span> la industria<\/span> biotecnol\u00f3gica<\/span> y transg\u00e9nica<\/span>. Unas compa\u00f1\u00edas<\/span> que<\/span> destinan millones<\/span> de euros a ensalzar las<\/span> virtudes de los OMG, que<\/span> compran estudios<\/span>, c\u00e1tedras<\/span> y departamentos<\/span> universitarios<\/span> supuestamente objetivos y que<\/span> establecen relaciones estrechas con los pol\u00edticos de turno. La informaci\u00f3n es<\/span> poder. Para que<\/span> no haya dudas: no se trata<\/span> de oponerse a los avances cient\u00edficos<\/span>. Ni mucho<\/span> menos<\/span>. Lo que<\/span> necesitamos es<\/span> fomentar una<\/span> ciencia independiente de los intereses<\/span> de las<\/span> grandes empresas<\/span> y al servicio del bien<\/span> com\u00fan<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\"alt\"<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Trasg\u00e9nicos, s\u00ed o s\u00ed. No nos dejan opci\u00f3n, parece. La Comisi\u00f3n Europea as\u00ed lo impuso la semana pasada cuando decidi\u00f3 aprobar, pese al rechazo de la mayor parte de pa\u00edses miembros, el cultivo de un nuevo ma\u00edz transg\u00e9nico en Europa: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-catalunya"],"yoast_head":"\nTRANSG\u00c9NICOS: 'SPAIN IS DIFFERENT' - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TRANSG\u00c9NICOS: 'SPAIN IS DIFFERENT' - Revista Rambla\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0 Trasg\u00e9nicos, s\u00ed o s\u00ed. 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La Comisi\u00f3n Europea as\u00ed lo impuso la semana pasada cuando decidi\u00f3 aprobar, pese al rechazo de la mayor parte de pa\u00edses miembros, el cultivo de un nuevo ma\u00edz transg\u00e9nico en Europa: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0","og_url":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/","og_site_name":"Revista Rambla","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/revistarambla\/","article_published_time":"2014-02-22T17:21:44+00:00","og_image":[{"width":682,"height":450,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.revistarambla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/transgenicos_rambla_01.jpg?fit=682%2C450&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@revistarambla","twitter_site":"@revistarambla","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Estimated reading time":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/#\/schema\/person\/4a5652fc8c82df1f8593002d038cd79e"},"headline":"TRANSG\u00c9NICOS: ‘SPAIN IS DIFFERENT’","datePublished":"2014-02-22T17:21:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/"},"wordCount":2560,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/transgenicos_rambla_01.jpg","articleSection":["Catalunya"],"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/","url":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/transgenicos-spain-is-different\/","name":"TRANSG\u00c9NICOS: 'SPAIN IS DIFFERENT' - 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