{"id":4722,"date":"2014-01-29T10:07:38","date_gmt":"2014-01-29T10:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\/"},"modified":"2019-09-30T17:11:14","modified_gmt":"2019-09-30T15:11:14","slug":"morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cMOREN\u00c9S ES UNO DE LOS CREADORES DE UN MECANISMO CONTABLE QUE HA HECHO QUE EL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA EST\u00c9 EN SUSPENSI\u00d3N DE PAGOS\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\"alt\"Pere<\/span> Ortega es<\/span> coordinador<\/span> del Centro de Estudios<\/span> para<\/span> la Paz JM<\/span> Del\u00e0s<\/span>, de la ONG<\/span> Just\u00edcia<\/span> i Pau<\/span>. Investigador<\/span> y analista<\/span> en cuestiones<\/span> de paz<\/span>, noviolencia<\/span>, desarme<\/span> y conflictos<\/span>, y colaborador<\/span> habitual en diversas<\/span> publicaciones<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\tPere<\/span> Ortega es<\/span> coordinador<\/span> del Centro de Estudios<\/span> para<\/span> la Paz JM<\/span> Del\u00e0s<\/span>, de la ONG<\/span> Just\u00edcia<\/span> i Pau<\/span>. Investigador<\/span> y analista<\/span> en cuestiones<\/span> de paz<\/span>, noviolencia<\/span>, desarme<\/span> y conflictos<\/span>, y colaborador<\/span> habitual en diversas<\/span> publicaciones<\/span>, opina<\/span> que<\/span> “los gobiernos<\/span> del PP y del PSOE<\/span> llevan<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> de 15 a\u00f1os<\/span> enga\u00f1ando<\/span> a la opini\u00f3n<\/span> p\u00fablica”<\/span>, sobre<\/span> el gasto<\/span> en defensa<\/span>. Bajo<\/span> esta<\/span> premisa<\/span> se desarrolla<\/span> un informe<\/span> presentado<\/span> a finales del pasado<\/span> sobre<\/span> “La cara<\/span> oculta<\/span> del gasto<\/span> militar<\/span>. El presupuesto<\/span> militar<\/span> de 2014”.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\t\"alt\"Buena parte<\/span> del gasto<\/span> en defensa<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> repartido<\/span> en partidas<\/span> correspondientes<\/span> a otros<\/span> ministerios<\/span>. En vuestro<\/span> informe<\/span> calific\u00e1is<\/span> este<\/span> procedimiento<\/span> de actuaci\u00f3n<\/span> como<\/span> “fraude<\/span> democr\u00e1tico”<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tEsto<\/span> ha sido<\/span> hist\u00f3ricamente<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span>. En los presupuestos<\/span> del Estado<\/span>, las<\/span> partidas<\/span> dedicadas<\/span> a cuestiones<\/span> de Defensa<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> repartidas<\/span> por<\/span> diversos<\/span> ministerios<\/span>, es<\/span> una<\/span> f\u00f3rmula<\/span> habitual en muchos<\/span> estados<\/span>. Se suelen<\/span> incluir<\/span> algunos<\/span> de los gastos<\/span> consignados<\/span>, como<\/span> por<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>, los de la Seguridad<\/span> Social, las<\/span> coberturas<\/span> sociales<\/span>, los dedicados<\/span> a Sanidad<\/span> o Educaci\u00f3n<\/span>. Parece<\/span> l\u00f3gico<\/span> que<\/span> se haga<\/span> de esta<\/span> forma, pero<\/span> cuando<\/span> decimos<\/span> que<\/span> buena<\/span> parte<\/span> del gasto<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> camuflado<\/span>, nos referimos<\/span> al c\u00e1lculo<\/span> exacto<\/span> de gasto<\/span> militar<\/span>, es<\/span> decir<\/span> lo que<\/span> cuesta<\/span> realmente<\/span> un soldado<\/span>, un oficial<\/span> o un sistema<\/span> de armamento<\/span>. Para calcular<\/span> esto<\/span>, seguimos<\/span> par\u00e1metros<\/span> internacionales<\/span>, el mismo<\/span> que<\/span> usa<\/span> la OTAN<\/span>, que<\/span> recomienda<\/span> contabilizar<\/span> como<\/span> gasto<\/span> todo<\/span> lo que<\/span> tiene<\/span> que<\/span> ver<\/span> con los ej\u00e9rcitos<\/span> y la defensa<\/span>, y que<\/span> incluye<\/span> como<\/span> partidas<\/span> de Defensa<\/span>, los gastos<\/span> correspondientes<\/span> al personal civil del ministerio<\/span>, las<\/span> cargas<\/span> sociales<\/span> o las<\/span> contribuciones<\/span> a organismos<\/span> internacionales<\/span> y a misiones<\/span> en el exterior, algo<\/span> que<\/span> no se aplica<\/span> en las<\/span> cuentas<\/span> espa\u00f1olas<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\t\u00bfSe oculta<\/span> el gasto<\/span> real de defensa<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tUna<\/span> parte<\/span> importante<\/span> del gasto<\/span> de Defensa<\/span> se esconde<\/span>, es<\/span> un simple enga\u00f1o<\/span> contable<\/span>, deliberado<\/span>. Se tapa<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span> el gasto<\/span> real. En el monto<\/span> total habr\u00eda<\/span> que<\/span> incluir<\/span> todo<\/span> el desembolso<\/span> en I+D. Era un dinero<\/span> que<\/span> hab\u00eda<\/span> salido<\/span> siempre<\/span> del ministerio<\/span> de Defensa<\/span>, hasta<\/span> que<\/span> a mediados<\/span> de la d\u00e9cada<\/span> de 1990, se ponen<\/span> en marcha<\/span> una<\/span> serie<\/span> de grandes<\/span> proyectos<\/span> de armamento<\/span>, como<\/span> los cazas<\/span> Eurofighter<\/span>, las<\/span> fragatas<\/span> del tipo<\/span> F100<\/span>, helic\u00f3pteros<\/span> de combate<\/span>, etc. Todo<\/span> esto<\/span>, comienza<\/span> a ser<\/span> contabilizado<\/span> desde<\/span>, primero<\/span> el ministerio<\/span> de Ciencia<\/span> y Tecnolog\u00eda<\/span>, y ahora<\/span>, el de Industria<\/span>. En teor\u00eda<\/span>, este<\/span> gasto<\/span> corresponder\u00eda<\/span> a unos<\/span> cr\u00e9ditos<\/span> otorgados<\/span> para<\/span> desarrollar<\/span> I+D de Industria<\/span>. A esto<\/span>, tambi\u00e9n<\/span> se tendr\u00eda<\/span> que<\/span> incorporar<\/span> la deuda<\/span> de Defensa<\/span>. El ministerio<\/span> de Defensa<\/span> suma<\/span> la mitad<\/span> exacta del gasto<\/span> real en defensa<\/span> del Estado<\/span>. Si el presupuesto<\/span> para<\/span> el 2014 habla<\/span> de unos<\/span> 6.700 millones<\/span> de euros<\/span>, pensamos<\/span> que<\/span> en realidad<\/span>, el gasto<\/span> se acercar\u00e1<\/span> a unos<\/span> 16.500 millones<\/span> de euros<\/span>, incluyendo<\/span> claro<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span>, los intereses<\/span> generados<\/span> por<\/span> esta<\/span> misma<\/span> deuda<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tTambi\u00e9n<\/span> os<\/span> refer\u00eds<\/span> a que<\/span> el procedimiento<\/span> para<\/span> ir<\/span> agregando<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> dinero<\/span> a las<\/span> partidas<\/span> presupuestadas<\/span> originalmente<\/span> se hace<\/span> en comisiones<\/span>, fuera<\/span> del debate p\u00fablico<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEste<\/span> es<\/span>, quiz\u00e1s<\/span>, el verdadero<\/span> enga\u00f1o<\/span>, pero<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span>, as\u00ed<\/span> y todo<\/span>, el presupuesto<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> infravalorado<\/span>. Pensamos<\/span> que<\/span> hay un evidente<\/span> fraude<\/span>, durante<\/span> el a\u00f1o<\/span> se van aprobando<\/span> cr\u00e9ditos<\/span> extraordinarios<\/span> para<\/span> suplementar<\/span> partidas<\/span> claramente<\/span> infravaloradas<\/span>. Dos en especial, las<\/span> ayudas<\/span> a empresas<\/span> del sector de defensa<\/span> para<\/span> desarrollar<\/span> proyectos<\/span> de armamento<\/span> y material; y los pagos<\/span> a estas<\/span> mismas<\/span> empresas<\/span> por<\/span> los compromisos<\/span> adquiridos<\/span> en unos<\/span> proyectos<\/span> a 15 a\u00f1os<\/span> vista. La t\u00e1ctica<\/span> seguida<\/span> por<\/span> el Gobierno<\/span> para<\/span> hacer<\/span> frente<\/span> a todo<\/span> esto<\/span>, es<\/span> aprobar<\/span> una<\/span> partida<\/span> m\u00ednima<\/span> para<\/span> afrontar<\/span> ese<\/span> gasto<\/span>, y luego<\/span> ir<\/span> aprobando<\/span> sucesivos<\/span> cr\u00e9ditos<\/span> extraordinarios<\/span> hasta<\/span> alcanzar<\/span> la cifra<\/span> real. Y as\u00ed<\/span> nos encontramos<\/span> que<\/span> cuando<\/span> se liquida<\/span> el presupuesto<\/span> del ministerio<\/span>, aumenta<\/span> un m\u00ednimo<\/span> de 1.500 millones<\/span> al a\u00f1o<\/span>, en total 15.000 millones<\/span> en los \u00faltimos<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tAparte<\/span> de estas<\/span> dos v\u00edas<\/span>, \u00bfhacia<\/span> d\u00f3nde<\/span> va<\/span> el resto<\/span> de gasto<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tLas misiones<\/span> en el exterior son otra<\/span> partida<\/span> claramente<\/span> infravalorada<\/span>. Se presupuesta<\/span> cada<\/span> a\u00f1o<\/span> en cantidades<\/span> rid\u00edculas<\/span>, poco<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> de 14 millones<\/span> de euros<\/span>, y al final de cada<\/span> a\u00f1o<\/span>, el gasto<\/span> real supera<\/span> los 800 millones<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde<\/span> se saca<\/span> este<\/span> gasto<\/span> extraordinario<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tDe los Fondos<\/span> de Contingencia<\/span>. Son traspasos<\/span> contables<\/span>, pero<\/span> las<\/span> misiones<\/span> en el exterior, las<\/span> operaciones<\/span> internacionales<\/span>, como<\/span> la Atalanta<\/span> en el \u00cdndico<\/span>, no son ning\u00fan<\/span> gasto<\/span> imprevisto<\/span>, ya<\/span> se sabe<\/span> que<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> ah\u00ed<\/span>, su<\/span> duraci\u00f3n<\/span>, el compromiso<\/span> adquirido<\/span>, el gasto<\/span> necesario<\/span>…<\/p>\n

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\t\u00bfPor<\/span> qu\u00e9<\/span> se act\u00faa<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span>? <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tSe matan<\/span> varios<\/span> p\u00e1jaros<\/span> de un tiro<\/span>, nunca<\/span> mejor<\/span> dicho<\/span>. Se infradotan<\/span> las<\/span> partidas<\/span> para<\/span> evitar<\/span> un coste<\/span> pol\u00edtico<\/span>. La opini\u00f3n<\/span> p\u00fablica<\/span> no suele<\/span> aceptar<\/span> bien<\/span> el aumento<\/span> del gasto<\/span> militar<\/span>, y m\u00e1s<\/span> en un contexto<\/span> de crisis generalizada<\/span>, de hecho<\/span>, si<\/span> uno<\/span> s\u00f3lo<\/span> se fija<\/span> en las<\/span> cantidades<\/span> consignadas<\/span> en el presupuesto<\/span>, el gasto<\/span> de Defensa<\/span> desciende<\/span>. Esto<\/span> es<\/span>, a nuestro<\/span> juicio<\/span>, un fraude<\/span> doble<\/span>, al Parlamento<\/span> y a la ciudadan\u00eda<\/span>. Otro<\/span> motivo<\/span> importante<\/span>, es<\/span> que<\/span> si<\/span> se contabiliza<\/span> la aportaci\u00f3n<\/span> del Estado<\/span> a I+D militar<\/span> como<\/span> civil -dentro<\/span> de los presupuestos<\/span> de Industria<\/span> u otros<\/span> ministerios<\/span>– crece<\/span> el total que<\/span> se destina<\/span> a I+D, que<\/span> sigue<\/span> siendo<\/span> uno<\/span> de los m\u00e1s<\/span> bajos<\/span> de los pa\u00edses<\/span> de la OCDE<\/span>. As\u00ed<\/span> se escala<\/span> en el ranking de investigaci\u00f3n<\/span>. Y por<\/span> \u00faltimo<\/span>, se ayuda<\/span> a las<\/span> empresas<\/span> militares<\/span> del sector, en donde<\/span> han<\/span> trabajado<\/span> tanto<\/span> el se\u00f1or<\/span> ministro<\/span> como<\/span> el secretario<\/span> de Estado<\/span> de Defensa<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\tEstos<\/span> programas<\/span> de armamento<\/span>, la pol\u00edtica<\/span> de defensa<\/span>, \u00bfresponde<\/span> a necesidades<\/span> reales<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\tPensamos<\/span> que<\/span> no. No se tienen<\/span> los fondos<\/span> necesarios<\/span> para<\/span> pagar<\/span> unas<\/span> armas<\/span> que<\/span> no se necesitan<\/span>. Aqu\u00ed<\/span> se puso<\/span> en marcha<\/span> una<\/span> operaci\u00f3n<\/span> de ingenier\u00eda<\/span> financiera<\/span> que<\/span> comienza<\/span> con el \u00faltimo<\/span> gobierno<\/span> de Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez<\/span> y se acelera<\/span> con los de Aznar<\/span>. Se crean<\/span> unos<\/span> proyectos<\/span> militares<\/span> -los PEAS (Programas<\/span> Especiales<\/span> de Armamentos<\/span>)- con unos<\/span> costes<\/span> elevad\u00edsimos<\/span>, del orden<\/span> de 25000 a 30000 millones<\/span> de euros<\/span>, a 25-30 a\u00f1os<\/span> vista. El mecanismo<\/span> que<\/span> se implementa<\/span> es<\/span> una<\/span> operaci\u00f3n<\/span> triangular en forma de convenios<\/span>. Los cr\u00e9ditos<\/span> salen<\/span> de Industria<\/span>. As\u00ed<\/span> que<\/span> no es<\/span> un gasto<\/span>, sino<\/span> un dinero<\/span> que<\/span> debe<\/span> devolverse<\/span>, y a un inter\u00e9s<\/span> del 0%.\u00a0 Las empresas<\/span>, en teor\u00eda<\/span>, cobran<\/span> de Defensa<\/span>, pero<\/span> es<\/span> Industria<\/span> la que<\/span> avanza<\/span> el pago<\/span>, y la que<\/span> debe<\/span> recuperar<\/span>, posteriormente<\/span>, ese<\/span> adelanto<\/span> de Defensa<\/span>, una<\/span> vez<\/span> \u00e9sta<\/span> reciba<\/span> las<\/span> armas<\/span> y pague<\/span> a las<\/span> empresas<\/span>, que<\/span> s\u00f3lo<\/span> han<\/span> devuelto<\/span> un 0,6% de los cr\u00e9ditos<\/span> recibidos<\/span>, hasta<\/span> ahora<\/span> 17.000 millones<\/span>. Lo que<\/span> ocurre<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span> Defensa<\/span> paga<\/span> las<\/span> armas<\/span> pero<\/span> no devuelve<\/span> estos<\/span> cr\u00e9ditos<\/span> a Industria<\/span>. En 15 a\u00f1os<\/span>, la deuda<\/span> de Defensa<\/span> asciende<\/span> ya<\/span> a 30.000 millones<\/span> de euros<\/span>, la mitad<\/span> de ellos<\/span> a Industria<\/span>. Con esta<\/span> f\u00f3rmula<\/span>, se oculta<\/span> la gigantesca<\/span> inversi\u00f3n<\/span> en armamento<\/span> y el continuo aumento<\/span> en el gasto<\/span> militar<\/span>. El resultado<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span> el ministerio<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> en una<\/span> situaci\u00f3n<\/span> de quiebra<\/span> t\u00e9cnica<\/span>, de suspensi\u00f3n<\/span> de pagos<\/span>, y creemos<\/span> que<\/span>, tarde<\/span> o temprano<\/span>, el Gobierno<\/span> no tendr\u00e1<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> remedio<\/span> que<\/span> condonar<\/span> esa<\/span> deuda<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEsa<\/span> deuda<\/span> se convertir\u00eda<\/span> entonces<\/span> en d\u00e9ficit<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEsa<\/span> es<\/span> la principal raz\u00f3n<\/span> por<\/span> lo que<\/span> no lo han<\/span> hecho<\/span> hasta<\/span> ahora<\/span>, porque<\/span> se sumar\u00eda<\/span> al d\u00e9ficit<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span>. 15.000 millones<\/span> de euros<\/span> representan<\/span> un 1,5% del PIB<\/span>, con lo que<\/span> se incumplir\u00edan<\/span> las<\/span> condiciones<\/span> impuestas<\/span> por<\/span> la Uni\u00f3n<\/span> Europea<\/span> para<\/span> la reducci\u00f3n<\/span> del d\u00e9ficit<\/span>. Es<\/span> evidente<\/span> que<\/span> se tiene<\/span> que<\/span> buscar<\/span> y encontrar<\/span> una<\/span> soluci\u00f3n<\/span>, y Moren\u00e9s<\/span> -ministro<\/span> de Defensa<\/span>– est\u00e1<\/span> sobre<\/span> esto<\/span>. Condonar<\/span> esa<\/span> deuda<\/span> del ministerio<\/span> de Defensa<\/span> seria<\/span> un golpe<\/span> enorme<\/span>. No lo hacen<\/span> y no lo pueden<\/span> hacer<\/span>. Est\u00e1n<\/span> atrapados<\/span>. Cada<\/span> vez<\/span> que<\/span> se paga<\/span> algo<\/span> de armamento<\/span>, se convierte<\/span> autom\u00e1ticamente<\/span> en d\u00e9ficit<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfPor<\/span> eso<\/span> se repercute<\/span> el gasto<\/span> en a\u00f1os<\/span> posteriores<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEs<\/span> una<\/span> treta<\/span> contable<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span>, se amortigua<\/span> el impacto<\/span> hasta<\/span> que<\/span> llegue<\/span>, si<\/span> es<\/span> que<\/span> llega<\/span>, la recuperaci\u00f3n<\/span> econ\u00f3mica<\/span>. Nos encontramos<\/span> que<\/span> se aplazan<\/span> los pagos<\/span> a otros<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span>, pero<\/span> esto<\/span> no es<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> que<\/span> una<\/span> trampa<\/span>, porque<\/span> adem\u00e1s<\/span> que<\/span> aumenta<\/span> la deuda<\/span> p\u00fablica<\/span>, el repercutir<\/span> todo<\/span> esto<\/span> en un futuro<\/span> s\u00f3lo<\/span> sirve<\/span> para<\/span> aumentar<\/span> los intereses<\/span>. Parece<\/span> claro<\/span> que<\/span> si<\/span> se alarga<\/span> el plazo<\/span>, se cargan<\/span> de intereses<\/span>, lo que<\/span> al final encarece<\/span> el producto<\/span> final. Se est\u00e1<\/span> utilizando<\/span> la alternativa<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> costosa<\/span> y, seg\u00fan<\/span> datos<\/span> del mismo<\/span> ministerio<\/span>, hay comprometido<\/span> un gasto<\/span> de, al menos<\/span>, 37.000 millones<\/span> de euros<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tPedro Moren\u00e9s<\/span> fue<\/span> uno<\/span> de los principales<\/span> dise\u00f1adores<\/span> de los PEA en su<\/span> etapa<\/span> como<\/span> secretario<\/span> de Estado<\/span> de Defensa<\/span> (1996-2000), ahora<\/span> como<\/span> ministro<\/span>, debe<\/span> gestionar<\/span> el problema<\/span> que<\/span> \u00e9l<\/span> mismo<\/span> contribuy\u00f3<\/span> a crear<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tMoren\u00e9s<\/span> es<\/span> uno<\/span> de los creadores<\/span> de un mecanismo<\/span> contable<\/span> que<\/span> ha hecho<\/span> que<\/span> el ministerio<\/span> de Defensa<\/span> est\u00e9<\/span> en suspensi\u00f3n<\/span> de pagos<\/span>. Es<\/span> una<\/span> situaci\u00f3n<\/span> parecida<\/span> a la de la Grecia<\/span> anterior al estallido<\/span> de la crisis, en que<\/span> con la ayuda<\/span> de Goldman & Sachs, se adquir\u00eda<\/span> armamento<\/span> a Francia<\/span> y a Alemania<\/span>, pero<\/span> no se contabilizaba<\/span>, o se hac\u00eda<\/span> a un coste<\/span> inferior al real. Bruselas<\/span> ha reiterado<\/span> que<\/span> quiere<\/span> revisar<\/span> los presupuestos<\/span> del 2014 porque<\/span> no obedecen<\/span> a una<\/span> realidad<\/span> contable<\/span> objetiva<\/span> y Defensa<\/span> es<\/span> una<\/span> de las<\/span> trampas<\/span> que<\/span> se hacen<\/span>. El d\u00eda<\/span> en que<\/span> toda<\/span> esta<\/span> deuda<\/span> se empiece<\/span> a contar<\/span> como<\/span> d\u00e9ficit<\/span> p\u00fablico<\/span> lo tendremos<\/span> que<\/span> pagar<\/span> entre<\/span> todos<\/span>. Hay que<\/span> tener<\/span> en cuenta<\/span> que<\/span> el coste<\/span> final de todos<\/span> estos<\/span> proyectos<\/span> es<\/span> muy<\/span> superior al previsto<\/span> inicialmente<\/span>. Los Eurofighters<\/span> se presupuestaron<\/span> en 6.000 millones<\/span> en 1997, ahora<\/span> ya<\/span> son m\u00e1s<\/span> de 14.000 millones<\/span>, el precio<\/span> final del submarino<\/span> S80<\/span> a\u00fan<\/span> no se conoce<\/span>, pero<\/span> hay que<\/span> a\u00f1adir<\/span> 120 m\u00e1s<\/span> para<\/span> solucionar<\/span> problemas<\/span> de flotabilidad<\/span>. No se sabe<\/span> nunca<\/span> lo que<\/span> costar\u00e1<\/span> todo<\/span> esto<\/span> al final. Arg\u00fcelles<\/span> ya<\/span> ha dichoque<\/span> se recurrir\u00e1<\/span> de nuevo<\/span> a cr\u00e9ditos<\/span> extraordinarios<\/span> para<\/span> hacer<\/span> frente<\/span> al pago<\/span> de los PEA, que<\/span> ser\u00e1n<\/span>, como<\/span> m\u00ednimo<\/span>, 900 millones<\/span> de euros<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tParece<\/span> que<\/span> el inter\u00e9s<\/span> en pagar<\/span> esta<\/span> ah\u00ed<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tEsto<\/span> se hace<\/span> en medio<\/span> de ajustes<\/span> continuos<\/span> en otros<\/span> campos<\/span> y mientras<\/span> se pone a la venta<\/span> parte<\/span> del armamento<\/span> o se guarda<\/span> porque<\/span> no hay dinero<\/span> para<\/span> usarlo<\/span>. El ministerio<\/span> impulsa<\/span> el pago<\/span>, pero<\/span> apenas<\/span> pueden<\/span> adquirir<\/span> armamento<\/span> ni<\/span> materiales<\/span>, ni<\/span> tampoco<\/span>, por<\/span> ejemplo<\/span>, realizar<\/span> tareas<\/span> de mantenimiento<\/span> en instalaciones<\/span>. Las fuerzas<\/span> armadas espa\u00f1olas<\/span> son muy<\/span> poco<\/span> operativas<\/span> en la actualidad<\/span>, esa<\/span> es<\/span> otra<\/span> de las<\/span> consecuencias<\/span> de la falta<\/span> de presupuesto<\/span> y de la deuda<\/span> de Defensa<\/span>. Si hubiese<\/span> un conflicto<\/span>, tendr\u00edamos<\/span> un problema<\/span> muy<\/span> serio<\/span>. Ahora<\/span> mismo<\/span>, el ministerio<\/span> de Defensa<\/span> hace<\/span>, como<\/span> el Rey, funciones<\/span> de agente<\/span> comercial<\/span>. Se han<\/span> dotado<\/span> con agregadur\u00edas<\/span> militares<\/span> varias<\/span> embajadas<\/span> para<\/span> ayudar<\/span> a la exportaci\u00f3n<\/span> de armas<\/span> que<\/span> no se pueden<\/span> tener<\/span>, o simplemente<\/span> mantener<\/span> por<\/span> falta<\/span> de presupuesto<\/span>. Buena parte<\/span> del equipamiento<\/span> comprometido<\/span> se pondr\u00e1<\/span> a la venta<\/span>, o se alquilar\u00e1<\/span>, como<\/span> los Eurofighters<\/span>, el nuevo<\/span> Airbus, los helic\u00f3pteros<\/span> Tiger, etc. Dif\u00edcilmente<\/span> encontraran<\/span> comprador<\/span>, y eso<\/span> que<\/span> el precio<\/span> de venta<\/span> es<\/span> sensiblemente<\/span> inferior al que<\/span> ha costado<\/span> su<\/span> desarrollo<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfPiensa<\/span> que<\/span> hay un posible<\/span> conflicto<\/span> de intereses<\/span> en el ministerio<\/span>, vista la trayectoria<\/span> profesional<\/span> de sus<\/span> m\u00e1ximos<\/span> responsables<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tBueno<\/span>, Moren\u00e9s<\/span> ha trabajado<\/span>, entre<\/span> otras<\/span>, para<\/span> Instalaza<\/span>, que<\/span> ha vendido<\/span> bombas<\/span> de racimo<\/span> a la Libia<\/span> de Gadaffi<\/span> sin ning\u00fan<\/span> tipo<\/span> de problemas<\/span>, y para<\/span> Prosegur<\/span>, que<\/span> proporciona<\/span> seguridad<\/span> a los pesqueros<\/span> en el \u00cdndico<\/span>. Arg\u00fcelles<\/span> lo ha hecho<\/span> para<\/span> Boeing, que<\/span> participa<\/span> en el Airbus. Son un ejemplo<\/span> claro<\/span> de c\u00f3mo<\/span> funcionan<\/span> las<\/span> puertas<\/span> giratorias<\/span> en este<\/span> pa\u00eds<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa venta<\/span> de armas<\/span> a pa\u00edses<\/span> como<\/span> Arabia Saud\u00ed<\/span>, Pakist\u00e1n<\/span>, o en su<\/span> momento<\/span> Libia<\/span>, \u00bfno contradice<\/span> la Posici\u00f3n<\/span> Com\u00fan<\/span> Europea<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tLa letra<\/span> dice eso<\/span>, pero<\/span> se supedita<\/span> a los intereses<\/span> comerciales<\/span> y de pol\u00edtica<\/span> exterior de Espa\u00f1a<\/span>. Se cambia la legislaci\u00f3n<\/span> cuando<\/span> interesa<\/span>, y se hace<\/span> a medida<\/span> de los clientes<\/span>, si<\/span> es<\/span> necesario<\/span>, y adem\u00e1s<\/span>, la mayor\u00eda<\/span> de los contratos<\/span> son secretos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00bfC\u00f3mo<\/span> se explica<\/span> que<\/span> Bankia<\/span> sea la principal acreedora<\/span> privada<\/span> del ministerio<\/span> de Defensa<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tBueno<\/span>, Bankia<\/span> tiene<\/span> su<\/span> origen<\/span> en Caja<\/span> Madrid, una<\/span> entidad<\/span> muy<\/span> cercana<\/span> al Gobierno<\/span> del PP, que<\/span> coloc\u00f3<\/span> all\u00ed<\/span> a Miguel Blesa<\/span> y a Rodrigo Rato<\/span>. Un caja<\/span> de ahorros<\/span> bajo<\/span> control pol\u00edtico<\/span>. Se convirti\u00f3<\/span> en uno<\/span> de los creditores<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> importantes<\/span> de la administraci\u00f3n<\/span> y con intereses<\/span> en el sector de defensa<\/span>. Hasta<\/span> hace<\/span> bien<\/span> poco<\/span>, era accionista<\/span> de Indra<\/span>, que<\/span> suministra<\/span> tecnolog\u00eda<\/span> a las<\/span> Fuerzas<\/span> Armadas. Su participaci\u00f3n<\/span> en esta<\/span> empresa<\/span> ha sido<\/span> recuperada<\/span> por<\/span> el Estado<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tCon una<\/span> deuda<\/span> tan elevada<\/span>, \u00bfes<\/span> sostenible<\/span> el modelo<\/span> actual de Fuerzas<\/span> Armadas? \u00bfse corre<\/span> el riesgo<\/span> de tener<\/span> poco<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> que<\/span> una<\/span> fuerza<\/span> expedicionaria<\/span>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\tNo es<\/span> sostenible<\/span>. Hay poco<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> de 78.000 soldados<\/span> y casi<\/span> 45.000 cuadros<\/span> de mando<\/span>, una<\/span> fuerza<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span> no es<\/span> viable. El ministro<\/span> lo sabe<\/span> y tiene<\/span> un informe<\/span> en el que<\/span> se habla<\/span> de reducir<\/span> en 15.000 efectivos<\/span> la fuerza<\/span>. De hecho<\/span>, no se convocan<\/span> nuevas<\/span> plazas y no se renuevan<\/span> los contratos<\/span>. Falta<\/span> dinero<\/span> para<\/span> el mantenimiento<\/span> diario<\/span>. S\u00f3lo<\/span> se equipan<\/span> las<\/span> misiones<\/span> militares<\/span> en el exterior, o la Unidad<\/span> Militar<\/span> de Emergencias<\/span> (UME<\/span>), que<\/span> es<\/span> un invento<\/span> que<\/span> no sirve<\/span> de mucho<\/span>. Para apagar<\/span> fuegos<\/span> ya<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> los bomberos<\/span>, no es<\/span> una<\/span> funci\u00f3n<\/span> que<\/span> deber\u00edan<\/span> realizar<\/span> los militares<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0<\/p>\n

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\t\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pere Ortega es coordinador del Centro de Estudios para la Paz JM Del\u00e0s, de la ONG Just\u00edcia i Pau. Investigador y analista en cuestiones de paz, noviolencia, desarme y conflictos, y colaborador habitual en diversas publicaciones \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualidad","category-estado-espanol"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cMOREN\u00c9S ES UNO DE LOS CREADORES DE UN MECANISMO CONTABLE QUE HA HECHO QUE EL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA EST\u00c9 EN SUSPENSI\u00d3N DE PAGOS\u201d - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cMOREN\u00c9S ES UNO DE LOS CREADORES DE UN MECANISMO CONTABLE QUE HA HECHO QUE EL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA EST\u00c9 EN SUSPENSI\u00d3N DE PAGOS\u201d - Revista Rambla\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pere Ortega es coordinador del Centro de Estudios para la Paz JM Del\u00e0s, de la ONG Just\u00edcia i Pau. Investigador y analista en cuestiones de paz, noviolencia, desarme y conflictos, y colaborador habitual en diversas publicaciones \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Revista Rambla\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/revistarambla\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-01-29T10:07:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-09-30T15:11:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.revistarambla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/rambla_militar_01.jpg?fit=682%2C450&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"682\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@revistarambla\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@revistarambla\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4a5652fc8c82df1f8593002d038cd79e\"},\"headline\":\"\u201cMOREN\u00c9S ES UNO DE LOS CREADORES DE UN MECANISMO CONTABLE QUE HA HECHO QUE EL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA EST\u00c9 EN SUSPENSI\u00d3N DE PAGOS\u201d\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-01-29T10:07:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-09-30T15:11:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2337,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/01\\\/rambla_militar_01.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Actualidad\",\"Estado Espa\u00f1ol\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/morenes-es-uno-de-los-creadores-de-un-mecanismo-contable-que-ha-hecho-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-este-en-suspension-de-pagos\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u201cMOREN\u00c9S ES UNO DE LOS CREADORES DE UN MECANISMO CONTABLE QUE HA HECHO QUE EL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA EST\u00c9 EN SUSPENSI\u00d3N DE PAGOS\u201d - 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