{"id":3784,"date":"2013-08-03T09:09:24","date_gmt":"2013-08-03T07:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\/"},"modified":"2021-12-07T19:45:24","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T18:45:24","slug":"ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal: De asesinatos, cementerios y m\u00e9diums"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"alt\"UN CASO<\/span> DIGNO<\/span> DEL CSI<\/strong><\/p>\n

El suceso que voy a referir es digno de uno de los casos que vemos en las series televisivas sobre forenses. Nos llega la noticia del hecho a trav\u00e9s de un gran memorialista, el abogado y periodista Tom\u00e1s Caball\u00e9 Clos, que fue el abogado defensor que particip\u00f3 en un juicio de doble asesinato. Vayamos a los hechos.<\/p>\n

En una<\/span> finca<\/span> solitaria<\/span> conocida<\/span> como<\/span> Trull<\/span> de les Valls<\/span>,en Torrelles<\/span> de Foix<\/span> (Vilafranca<\/span> del Pened\u00e8s<\/span>, Barcelona), se encontraron<\/span> los cuerpos<\/span> de dos menores<\/span> salvajemente<\/span> degollados<\/span>. Pronto se detuvo<\/span> a un sospechoso<\/span> al que<\/span> todos<\/span> los indicios<\/span> apuntaban<\/span> como<\/span> el culpable, un joven<\/span> llamado<\/span> Joan\u00a0 Mestres<\/span> Sol\u00e9<\/span>, personaje<\/span> introvertido<\/span>, aficionado a la caza<\/span> y a vagar<\/span> en solitario<\/span> por<\/span> los montes<\/span> del lugar<\/span>. Enemistado<\/span> con sus<\/span> vecinos<\/span>, los chiquillos<\/span> asesinados<\/span> sol\u00edan<\/span> tener<\/span> al mozo<\/span> como<\/span> el objeto<\/span> de sus<\/span> burlas<\/span> y chanzas<\/span>, y no faltaron<\/span> los testigos<\/span> que<\/span> dijeron<\/span> que<\/span> Mestres<\/span>, por<\/span> este<\/span> motivo<\/span>, se la ten\u00eda<\/span> jurada<\/span> y los hab\u00eda<\/span> amenazado<\/span>. Pero<\/span>, la prueba<\/span> inculpatoria<\/span> definitiva<\/span>, fue<\/span> una<\/span> camisa<\/span> manchada<\/span> de sangre<\/span> que<\/span> se cre\u00eda<\/span> que<\/span> el reo<\/span> hab\u00eda<\/span> intentado<\/span> lavar<\/span> sin conseguir<\/span> eliminar<\/span> totalmente<\/span> los restos<\/span> de sangre<\/span>. El perito<\/span> presentado<\/span> por<\/span> el fiscal, a la saz\u00f3n<\/span> \u00c1lvaro<\/span> Becerra<\/span> del Toro, certific\u00f3<\/span> que<\/span> la sangre<\/span> era humana<\/span> y se pidieron<\/span> dos penas<\/span> de muerte<\/span>. El abogado<\/span> Clos<\/span> pudo<\/span> demostrar<\/span> que<\/span> la prenda<\/span> no hab\u00eda<\/span> sido<\/span> lavada<\/span>, pero\u2026<\/span> \u00bfC\u00f3mo<\/span> refutar<\/span> lo de la mancha<\/span> de sangre<\/span>?<\/p>\n

Por<\/span> desgracia<\/span>, faltaban<\/span> cerca<\/span> de cien<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> hasta<\/span> que<\/span> una<\/span> ma\u00f1ana<\/span> de 1984 el cient\u00edfico<\/span> Alec Jeffreys<\/span> descubriera<\/span>, por<\/span> serendipia<\/span>, los principios<\/span> de las<\/span> huellas<\/span> gen\u00e9ticas<\/span>, facilitando<\/span> as\u00ed<\/span> las<\/span> pruebas<\/span> de ADN<\/span> que<\/span> revolucionaron<\/span> las<\/span> ciencias<\/span> forenses<\/span>. Aunque<\/span> las<\/span> pruebas<\/span> inculpaban<\/span> a su<\/span> defendido<\/span>, el abogado<\/span> decidi\u00f3<\/span> jugar<\/span> una<\/span> \u00faltima<\/span> baza<\/span>. Por<\/span> aquel<\/span> entonces<\/span>, Santiago Ram\u00f3n<\/span> y Cajal<\/span>, el m\u00e1s<\/span> eminente<\/span> hist\u00f3logo<\/span> de la \u00e9poca<\/span>, resid\u00eda<\/span> en Barcelona donde<\/span> era catedr\u00e1tico<\/span>, y el letrado<\/span> acudi\u00f3<\/span> en su<\/span> docto<\/span> auxilio<\/span>. El sabio<\/span> escuch\u00f3<\/span> con paciencia<\/span> el relato<\/span> del letrado<\/span> y se extra\u00f1\u00f3<\/span> que<\/span> un perito<\/span>, no experto<\/span> en histolog\u00eda<\/span>, pudiera<\/span> con la ciencia<\/span> de la \u00e9poca<\/span> determinar<\/span> tan tajantemente<\/span> que<\/span> aquella<\/span> sangre<\/span> era humana<\/span>, cuando<\/span> de ello<\/span> depend\u00eda<\/span> la vida<\/span> de un hombre. Cajal<\/span> desmont\u00f3<\/span> todos<\/span> los argumentos<\/span> del peritaje<\/span> de la acusaci\u00f3n<\/span>, y el jurista<\/span> no tuvo<\/span> por<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> que<\/span> repetir<\/span>, cual<\/span> loro<\/span>, los argumentos<\/span> en el tribunal. Adem\u00e1s<\/span>, el cient\u00edfico<\/span> design\u00f3<\/span> a su<\/span> mejor<\/span> ayudante<\/span>, el que<\/span> luego<\/span> ser\u00eda<\/span> el eminente<\/span> cirujano<\/span> doctor Josep<\/span> Soler<\/span> i Roig<\/span>, y junto<\/span> a dos colegas<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> demostraron<\/span> que<\/span> la sangre<\/span> de la blusa<\/span> del reo<\/span> pertenec\u00eda<\/span> a un conejo<\/span> de monte<\/span>. El fiscal descarg\u00f3<\/span> su<\/span> ira<\/span> contra su<\/span> perito<\/span>, al que<\/span> proces\u00f3<\/span> por<\/span> cuanto<\/span> se hab\u00eda<\/span> presentado<\/span> como<\/span> m\u00e9dico<\/span>, cuando<\/span> era s\u00f3lo<\/span> un alumno<\/span> de la facultad<\/span> de medicina<\/span>. De todos<\/span> modos<\/span>, el jurado<\/span> se encontraba<\/span> dividido<\/span> con seis<\/span> votos<\/span> a favor de la absoluci\u00f3n<\/span> y seis<\/span> en contra. El magistrado<\/span>, Le\u00f3n<\/span> Bonel<\/span>, s\u00f3lo<\/span> tuvo<\/span> que<\/span> aplicar<\/span> el principio<\/span> jur\u00eddico<\/span> de \u201cin dubio<\/span> pro reo\u201d<\/span> y decret\u00f3<\/span> la puesta<\/span> en libertad<\/span> de Mestres<\/span>.<\/p>\n

A pesar<\/span> de la absoluci\u00f3n<\/span>, \u00a0no eran<\/span> pocos<\/span> entre<\/span> la multitud<\/span> de ciudadanos<\/span> que<\/span> siguieron<\/span> el proceso<\/span> que<\/span> creyeron<\/span> en la culpabilidad<\/span> del muchacho<\/span>, incluso<\/span> el abogado<\/span> defensor<\/span> tuvo<\/span> sus<\/span> dudas<\/span>. No ser\u00eda<\/span> hasta<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> tarde<\/span> que<\/span> la inocencia<\/span> de Mestres<\/span> qued\u00f3<\/span> probada<\/span>. Un individuo<\/span>, \u201cin articulo<\/span> mortis\u201d, confes\u00f3<\/span> el horrendo<\/span> crimen<\/span>. De esta<\/span> forma, Cajal<\/span> particip\u00f3<\/span> en un\u00a0 juicio<\/span> de doble<\/span> asesinato<\/span> y su<\/span> cooperaci\u00f3n<\/span> cient\u00edfica<\/span> salv\u00f3<\/span> la vida<\/span> de un inocente<\/span>.<\/p>\n

EL COLECCIONISTA<\/span> DE HUESOS<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"alt\"<\/p>\n

Muchas<\/span> son las<\/span> an\u00e9cdotas<\/span> que<\/span> protagoniz\u00f3<\/span> Santiago Ram\u00f3n<\/span> y Cajal<\/span> y, por<\/span> lo particular de sus<\/span> quehaceres<\/span> cient\u00edficos<\/span>, algunas<\/span> ten\u00edan<\/span> que<\/span> ver<\/span> con sucesos<\/span> macabros<\/span> a ojos<\/span> del profano<\/span>. Y hablando<\/span> de ojos<\/span>, una<\/span> vez<\/span> un ojo<\/span> de un feto<\/span> sifil\u00edtico<\/span> que<\/span> Cajal<\/span> puso<\/span> en el alfeizar<\/span> de una<\/span> ventana<\/span>, para<\/span> que<\/span> la luz<\/span> solar ennegreciera<\/span> el nitrato<\/span> de plata<\/span> que<\/span> le permit\u00eda<\/span> ver<\/span> mejor<\/span> la retina, cay\u00f3<\/span> a la calle<\/span> con el consiguiente<\/span> estupor<\/span> de los viandantes<\/span> que<\/span> llamaron<\/span> a la polic\u00eda.Aunque es<\/span> una<\/span> historia<\/span> de huesos<\/span> la que<\/span> les quiero<\/span> contar<\/span> con m\u00e1s<\/span> detalle<\/span>. Don Justo<\/span> Ram\u00f3n<\/span>, el padre de nuestro<\/span> sabio<\/span>, convencido<\/span> que<\/span> los estudios<\/span> de Fisiolog\u00eda<\/span> y Patolog\u00eda<\/span> que<\/span> esperaba<\/span> que<\/span> su<\/span> v\u00e1stago<\/span> cursara<\/span> necesitaban<\/span> de unos<\/span> s\u00f3lidos<\/span> cimientos<\/span> y estos<\/span> no son otros<\/span> que<\/span> la anatom\u00eda<\/span>, all\u00e1<\/span> por<\/span> el a\u00f1o<\/span> 1868, empez\u00f3<\/span> a darle<\/span> clases<\/span> de esta<\/span> disciplina<\/span> con los manuales<\/span> al uso<\/span> de Ignacio Lacaba<\/span> y Jaime Bon\u00e9lls<\/span>, Jean Cruveilhier<\/span> y Philibert<\/span> C. Sappey<\/span>. Claro<\/span> que<\/span> toda<\/span> formaci\u00f3n<\/span> te\u00f3rica<\/span> necesita<\/span> complementarse<\/span> con una<\/span> formaci\u00f3n<\/span> pr\u00e1ctica<\/span>, y es<\/span> en este<\/span> aspecto<\/span> donde<\/span> la an\u00e9cdota<\/span> que<\/span> voy<\/span> a relatar<\/span> parece<\/span> sacada<\/span> de un cuento<\/span> g\u00f3tico<\/span> o de una<\/span> de las<\/span> leyendas<\/span> de Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer<\/span>. Tiene<\/span> todos<\/span> los ingredientes<\/span> para<\/span> ello<\/span>, una<\/span> noche<\/span> de luna<\/span> llena<\/span>, un cementerio<\/span> de pueblo y dos sombras<\/span> amparadas<\/span> en la oscuridad<\/span> de la noche<\/span> que<\/span> trepan por<\/span> la tapia<\/span> del camposanto<\/span>. S\u00ed<\/span>, de esta<\/span> forma, don Justo<\/span> y su<\/span> hijo<\/span> Santiago se hicieron<\/span> con una<\/span> buena<\/span> colecci\u00f3n<\/span> de huesos<\/span> que<\/span>, convenientemente<\/span> limpios<\/span> y seleccionados<\/span>, se convirtieron<\/span> en un estupendo<\/span> material did\u00e1ctico<\/span>. Para ello<\/span>, no tuvieron<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> que<\/span> acceder<\/span> a escondidas<\/span> al cementerio<\/span> y buscar<\/span> en una<\/span> fosa<\/span> com\u00fan<\/span> que<\/span> sol\u00edan<\/span> utilizar<\/span> los sepultureros<\/span> para<\/span> dejar<\/span> los esqueletos<\/span> de las<\/span> limpiezas<\/span> que<\/span> hac\u00edan<\/span> de los nichos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u201cSOLOS ANTE EL MISTERIO\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cSolos ante el misterio\u201d<\/span> era el sugerente<\/span> t\u00edtulo<\/span> de una<\/span> obra<\/span> que<\/span> Cajal<\/span> ten\u00eda<\/span> en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span> cuando<\/span> le sobrevino<\/span> la muerte<\/span>. Cuestiones<\/span> filos\u00f3ficas<\/span>, sobre<\/span> los sue\u00f1os<\/span>, sobre<\/span> el \u201cyo\u201d<\/span> psicol\u00f3gico<\/span>, etc., eran<\/span> tratados<\/span> en este<\/span> trabajo<\/span> que<\/span> hoy<\/span> damos<\/span> por<\/span> perdido<\/span>. Cajal<\/span> estaba<\/span> muy<\/span> interesado<\/span> en el poder<\/span> mental y en la fuerza<\/span> de la sugesti\u00f3n<\/span> en la cura<\/span> de enfermedades<\/span>. Tambi\u00e9n<\/span> dedic\u00f3<\/span> dos a\u00f1os<\/span> de su<\/span> vida<\/span> al estudio<\/span> de los fen\u00f3menos<\/span> de la psicopat\u00eda<\/span> esp\u00edrita<\/span> y a las<\/span> diversas<\/span> personalidades<\/span> o egos que<\/span> conviven<\/span> en nosotros<\/span>. El propio<\/span> Cajal<\/span> nos da<\/span> noticia<\/span> de esta<\/span> obra<\/span> en una<\/span> nota a pie de p\u00e1gina<\/span> al final del primer cap\u00edtulo<\/span> de su<\/span> libro<\/span> de memorias<\/span> \u201cEl mundo<\/span> visto<\/span> a los ochenta\u201d<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span>, y de este<\/span> libro<\/span> es<\/span> la cita<\/span> tan esclarecedora<\/span> de lo que<\/span> el sabio<\/span> pensaba<\/span> sobre<\/span> este<\/span> particular:<\/p>\n

\u201cLa personalidad<\/span> plena y sint\u00e9tica<\/span> del hombre es<\/span> la suma<\/span> del \u201cyo\u201d<\/span> principal, desp\u00f3tico<\/span> y acaparador<\/span>, y de todos<\/span> estos<\/span> \u201cegos\u201d apagados<\/span>, pero<\/span> susceptibles<\/span> de reviviscencia<\/span> eventual. Notemos<\/span> que<\/span> estas<\/span> personalidades<\/span> secundarias<\/span> no son inconscientes<\/span>, como<\/span> acaso<\/span> pensar\u00eda<\/span> alg\u00fan<\/span> psicoanalista<\/span>, sino<\/span> subconscientes<\/span> y susceptibles<\/span> de f\u00e1cil<\/span> evocaci\u00f3n<\/span>. Forman como<\/span> la retaguardia<\/span> del sujeto<\/span> actual, mas<\/span> est\u00e1n<\/span> apercibidas<\/span> a reemplazarlo<\/span> en cuanto<\/span> \u00e9ste<\/span> desmaya<\/span> o se distrae.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

En estas<\/span> memorias<\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span> nos habla<\/span> de una<\/span> enigm\u00e1tico<\/span> libro<\/span> in\u00e9dito<\/span>, una<\/span> obra<\/span> a la que<\/span> dedic\u00f3<\/span> varios<\/span> a\u00f1os<\/span> de su<\/span> vida<\/span> y que<\/span> recog\u00eda<\/span> sus<\/span> estudios<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> mist\u00e9ricos<\/span>, aquellos<\/span> que<\/span> muchos<\/span> nos quieren<\/span> ocultar<\/span> hoy<\/span>. En la Guerra Civil se quemaron<\/span> o perdieron<\/span> muchos<\/span> documentos<\/span> del archivo<\/span> Cajal<\/span>. Cuentan<\/span> que<\/span> las<\/span> fotos de car\u00e1cter<\/span> er\u00f3tico<\/span> que<\/span> hizo<\/span> Cajal<\/span> fueron<\/span> quemadas<\/span> por<\/span> sus<\/span> propios<\/span> familiares<\/span>, y tambi\u00e9n<\/span> se perdieron<\/span> los manuscritos<\/span> de un interesante<\/span> trabajo<\/span> sobre<\/span> hipnotismo<\/span>, espiritismo<\/span> y metaps\u00edquica<\/span>, esto<\/span> \u00faltimo<\/span> era como<\/span> se conoc\u00eda<\/span> entonces<\/span> a lo que<\/span> hoy<\/span> conocemos<\/span> por<\/span> parapsicolog\u00eda<\/span>, a la que<\/span> eran<\/span> aficionados tanto<\/span> \u00e9l<\/span> como<\/span> su<\/span> hermano<\/span> Ram\u00f3n<\/span>. Como cient\u00edfico<\/span> racionalista<\/span>, Cajal<\/span> critic\u00f3<\/span> la ingenuidad<\/span> de las<\/span> personas que<\/span> se dejaban<\/span> embaucar<\/span> por<\/span> los vividores<\/span> de lo extra\u00f1o<\/span>, de los magos<\/span> y charlatanes<\/span> que<\/span> vend\u00edan<\/span> sus<\/span> supercher\u00edas<\/span> en los salones<\/span> decimon\u00f3nicos<\/span>. Pero<\/span> junto<\/span> a esto<\/span> y como<\/span> cient\u00edfico<\/span> abierto<\/span> e inquieto<\/span>, sabemos<\/span> que<\/span> dedic\u00f3<\/span> mucho<\/span> tiempo<\/span> y esfuerzo<\/span> en la investigaci\u00f3n<\/span> de los fen\u00f3menos<\/span> de percepci\u00f3n<\/span> extrasensorial<\/span> como<\/span> la telepat\u00eda<\/span>, la precognici\u00f3n<\/span> o las<\/span> facultades<\/span> de ciertos<\/span> dotados<\/span> ps\u00edquicos<\/span> y m\u00e9diums<\/span>. El propio<\/span> Albert Einstein o Carl Jung tambi\u00e9n<\/span> dirigieron<\/span> sus<\/span> miradas<\/span> a estos<\/span> fen\u00f3menos<\/span> como<\/span> objeto<\/span> de estudio<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Es<\/span> f\u00e1cil<\/span> imaginar<\/span> que<\/span> Cajal<\/span> no creyera<\/span> en la transmisi\u00f3n<\/span> del pensamiento<\/span> sin mediaci\u00f3n<\/span> sensorial en los procesos<\/span> bioqu\u00edmicos<\/span> del cerebro<\/span>, pero<\/span> s\u00ed<\/span> en alg\u00fan<\/span> efecto<\/span> ps\u00edquico<\/span> entre<\/span> el emisor<\/span> y el receptor. De hecho<\/span>, el propio<\/span> Cajal<\/span> ten\u00eda<\/span> la facultad<\/span> de influir<\/span> positivamente<\/span> en la mente<\/span> de sus<\/span> pacientes<\/span> mediante<\/span> las<\/span> t\u00e9cnicas<\/span> hipn\u00f3ticas<\/span>. Porque<\/span> s\u00ed<\/span>, se\u00f1ores<\/span>, Cajal<\/span> fue<\/span> un experto<\/span> hipnotizador<\/span> que<\/span> tuvo<\/span> un gabinete<\/span> abierto<\/span> en su<\/span> domicilio<\/span> de Valencia, cuando<\/span> ejerci\u00f3<\/span> su<\/span> c\u00e1tedra<\/span> en esta<\/span> ciudad<\/span> durante<\/span> los a\u00f1os<\/span> de 1884 y 1887. Aunque<\/span> el llamado<\/span> Gabinete<\/span> de Estudios<\/span> Psicol\u00f3gicos<\/span> de Cajal<\/span> naci\u00f3<\/span> con vocaci\u00f3n<\/span> investigadora<\/span>, la experimentaci\u00f3n<\/span> con personas que<\/span> ten\u00edan<\/span> enfermedades<\/span> nerviosas<\/span> como<\/span> histerias<\/span>, depresiones<\/span>, etc., demostr\u00f3<\/span> las<\/span> bondades<\/span> de la hipnoterapia<\/span> en estas<\/span> dolencias<\/span>. La noticia<\/span> corri\u00f3<\/span> de boca<\/span> en boca<\/span> y las<\/span> colas de pacientes<\/span> ante la casa de Cajal<\/span> eran<\/span> continuas<\/span>. El sabio<\/span>, por<\/span> falta<\/span> de tiempo<\/span> y capacidad<\/span> para<\/span> tratar<\/span> a tanta<\/span> gente<\/span>, tuvo<\/span> que<\/span> cerrar<\/span> la consulta<\/span>. Si la condici\u00f3n<\/span> de pionero<\/span> de lo que<\/span> hoy<\/span> conocemos<\/span> por<\/span> hipnosis<\/span> cl\u00ednica<\/span> quedaba<\/span> en duda<\/span>, Cajal<\/span> aplic\u00f3<\/span> la hipnosis<\/span> como<\/span> anestesia<\/span> a su<\/span> esposa<\/span> Silveria<\/span> durante<\/span> el parto<\/span> de sus<\/span> dos \u00faltimos<\/span> hijos<\/span>, Pilar<\/span> y Luis. Constancia<\/span> dej\u00f3<\/span> de ello<\/span> en su<\/span> art\u00edculo<\/span> \u201cDolores del parto<\/span> considerablemente<\/span> atenuados<\/span> por<\/span> la sugesti\u00f3n<\/span> hipn\u00f3tica\u201d<\/span>, publicado<\/span> como<\/span> separata<\/span> de la \u201cGaceta<\/span> M\u00e9dica<\/span> Catalana\u201d<\/span> en agosto<\/span> de 1889.<\/p>\n

Nos quedamos<\/span> sin saber a que<\/span> conclusiones<\/span> lleg\u00f3<\/span> el Premio<\/span> Nobel sobre<\/span> sus<\/span> investigaciones<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> heterodoxas<\/span> al perderse<\/span> los manuscritos<\/span>, incluso<\/span> \u00e9l<\/span> mismo<\/span> se preguntaba<\/span> si<\/span> este<\/span> libro<\/span> lograr\u00eda<\/span> publicarlo<\/span> alguna<\/span> vez<\/span>; conocemos<\/span> que<\/span> adem\u00e1s<\/span> de sus<\/span> trabajos<\/span> sobre<\/span> la metaps\u00edquica<\/span>, la hipnosis<\/span> y el estudio<\/span> de m\u00e9diums<\/span>, el trabajo<\/span> recog\u00eda<\/span> una<\/span> minuciosa<\/span> recopilaci\u00f3n<\/span> de sue\u00f1os<\/span> con sus<\/span> posibles<\/span> interpretaciones<\/span>. Cajal<\/span> se dedic\u00f3<\/span> durante<\/span> toda<\/span> su<\/span> vida<\/span> a registrar lo que<\/span> \u00e9l<\/span> llamaba<\/span> las<\/span> alucinaciones<\/span> del sue\u00f1o<\/span>, o del ensue\u00f1o<\/span>, como<\/span> prefer\u00eda<\/span> llamarlo<\/span>. Seg\u00fan<\/span> su<\/span> nieta<\/span> Mar\u00eda<\/span> \u00c1ngeles<\/span> Ram\u00f3n<\/span> y Cajal<\/span> Junquera<\/span>, el manuscrito<\/span> de su<\/span> abuelo<\/span> estaba<\/span> apunto<\/span> para<\/span> la publicaci\u00f3n<\/span> cuando<\/span> el Instituto<\/span> de Higiene<\/span> Alfonso XIII fue<\/span> bombardeado<\/span> durante<\/span> la Guerra Civil. Entre<\/span> sus<\/span> escombros<\/span> se perdi\u00f3<\/span> este<\/span> valioso<\/span> documento<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Como hicieran<\/span> el m\u00e9dico<\/span> y escritor<\/span> Conan Doley<\/span> y el famoso<\/span> mago<\/span> Houdini, m\u00e1s<\/span> c\u00e1ndido<\/span> y cr\u00e9dulo<\/span> el primero<\/span> que<\/span> el segundo<\/span>, Cajal<\/span> se dedic\u00f3<\/span> a desenmascarar<\/span> los fraudes<\/span> de algunos<\/span> m\u00e9diums<\/span> que<\/span> estaban<\/span> de moda<\/span> al amparo<\/span> de las<\/span> experiencias<\/span> de las<\/span> famosas<\/span> hermanas<\/span> Fox, Margaret y Catherine Fox; y el auge<\/span> de las<\/span> teor\u00edas<\/span> teos\u00f3ficas<\/span> de \u201cmadame\u201d Blavatsky<\/span>. El estudio<\/span> de las<\/span> t\u00e9cnicas<\/span> de los magos<\/span> y sus<\/span> conocimientos<\/span> en fotograf\u00eda<\/span>, fueron<\/span> esenciales<\/span> en esa<\/span> labor. El esp\u00edritu<\/span> investigador<\/span> de Cajal<\/span> no s\u00e9<\/span> qued\u00f3<\/span> en la simple denuncia<\/span> de los embaucadores<\/span>, sino<\/span> que<\/span>, pensando<\/span> que<\/span> era posible<\/span> que<\/span> hubiera<\/span> personas con cierta<\/span> sensibilidad<\/span> para<\/span> influir<\/span> mentalmente<\/span> en otras<\/span> o con facultades<\/span> paragnostas<\/span>, se emple\u00f3<\/span> en el estudio<\/span> de los que<\/span> dec\u00edan<\/span> tener<\/span> facultades<\/span> medi\u00fanicas<\/span>. Para este<\/span> estudio<\/span> minucioso<\/span>, Cajal<\/span> no s\u00f3lo<\/span> particip\u00f3<\/span> en sesiones<\/span> espiritistas<\/span>, sino<\/span> que<\/span> contrat\u00f3<\/span> a m\u00e9diums<\/span> para<\/span> estudiarlas<\/span>, en algunos<\/span> casos<\/span>, incluso<\/span> las<\/span> instal\u00f3<\/span> en su<\/span> propia<\/span> casa como<\/span> lo hizo<\/span> cuando<\/span> viv\u00eda<\/span> en Zaragoza<\/span>. Con gran<\/span> espanto<\/span>, los nietos<\/span> de Cajal<\/span> se tropezaban<\/span> con la m\u00e9dium<\/span> en el pasillo<\/span>, m\u00e9dium<\/span> a la que<\/span> Cajal<\/span> desenmascar\u00f3<\/span> m\u00e1s<\/span> tarde<\/span>, por<\/span> cierto<\/span>. Fraudes<\/span>, personas con desequilibrios<\/span> mentales<\/span> y quiz\u00e1s<\/span> algunas<\/span> con cierto<\/span> poder<\/span> de sugesti\u00f3n<\/span> sobre<\/span> sus<\/span> semejantes<\/span>, pasaron<\/span> por<\/span> la anal\u00edtica<\/span> mirada<\/span> del investigador<\/span> cuyas<\/span> conclusiones<\/span>, como<\/span> ya<\/span> he apuntado<\/span>, hoy<\/span> desconocemos<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s<\/span> el m\u00e1s<\/span> eminente<\/span> hist\u00f3logo<\/span> de la historia<\/span>, tambi\u00e9n<\/span> fue<\/span> pionero<\/span> de la fotograf\u00eda<\/span> en color, de la aplicaci\u00f3n<\/span> de \u00e9sta<\/span> al grabado<\/span>, de la fotograf\u00eda<\/span> en tres<\/span> dimensiones<\/span>, del periodismo<\/span> de divulgaci\u00f3n<\/span> cient\u00edfica<\/span> con el seud\u00f3nimo<\/span> del Doctor Bacteria\u2026 Invent\u00f3<\/span> el fon\u00f3grafo<\/span> al mismo<\/span> tiempo<\/span> que<\/span> Edison y fue<\/span> pionero<\/span> de la novela<\/span> cient\u00edfica<\/span> donde<\/span>, al igual<\/span> que<\/span> H.G. Wells, trataba<\/span> sobre<\/span> las<\/span> implicaciones<\/span> filos\u00f3ficas<\/span>, sociales<\/span> y \u00e9ticas<\/span>, de los avances<\/span> cient\u00edficos<\/span> y tecnol\u00f3gicos<\/span>. Pero<\/span> esa<\/span> es<\/span> otra<\/span> historia<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\"alt\"<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Curiosidades en la vida de nuestro Premio Nobel<\/p>","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,562],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cultura","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"\nRam\u00f3n y Cajal: De asesinatos, cementerios y m\u00e9diums - Revista Rambla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal: De asesinatos, cementerios y m\u00e9diums - Revista Rambla\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Curiosidades en la vida de nuestro Premio Nobel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/en\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Revista Rambla\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/revistarambla\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/javiercoria7\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-08-03T07:09:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-07T18:45:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.revistarambla.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/ramoncajal_01.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"682\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"451\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Javier Coria\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@JavierCoriaOk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@revistarambla\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Javier Coria\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Javier Coria\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7f74cd8bc26a4556bf27d6cdd9c89c82\"},\"headline\":\"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal: De asesinatos, cementerios y m\u00e9diums\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-08-03T07:09:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-07T18:45:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2123,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/ramoncajal_01.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Cultura\",\"Historia\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.revistarambla.com\\\/ramon-y-cajal-de-asesinatos-cementerios-y-mediums-curiosidades-en-la-vida-de-nuestro-premio-nobel-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal: De asesinatos, cementerios y m\u00e9diums - 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